Jorge Ortiz Véliz

Desarrollo de la viticultura y servicios para la producción en el valle de Copiapó (Chile) en el contexto de la mundialización económica

The current processes of territorial restructuration is related with new technique forms and organization of production, especially with the integration of people flows, goods, services, capitals, and world system information; and with the internationalization of companies. Since 1970 there has been in Chile a movement in order to incorporate the society and national economy inside the world systems. Some Chilean regions, like Copiapo Valley in Atacama, have specialized in mineral an agricultural production orientated to exportation. This connection has reactivated the activity economically and promoted many changes inside society and throughout the territory of the zone. Nevertheless, the diversification of Copiapo’s urban functions hasn’t had the same economic magnitudes than the rest of the region. Even though commercial services of immediate support have increased, most of advanced ones are provided from other cities.

Procesos de reestructuración urbana y niveles de vulnerabilidad a amenazas naturales en una ciudad de tamaño medio: La Serena, Chile

The urban research in Latin America has been concentrated on the top cities of the national settlement system. Among the issues of research are the social spatial effects, environmental and functional effects and particularly those referred to unequal, segregated and sprawl urban growth. The former issues mentioned are thought to be present in other cities as well, particularly in middle size cities of the urban systems thus playing an important role on spatial structuring at regional scale. The present paper main contribution refers to increasing the knowledge of the changing processes of Chilean middle sizes cities at a regional scale context. The specific study area is the capital city of Coquimbo region named La Serena. It is located in the northern central part of Chile. Recent research results show that this city tends to reproduce largest cities structuring and spatial processes, as well as the modification of population distribution density model, centrality structures, urban sprawl growth and social segregation increasing.

La complejidad de los procesos de reestructuración socioespacial de las ciudades intermedias: persistencia y cambio en la ciudad de Puerto Montt (Chile)

This paper deals with some effects associated with the processes of urban restructuring in Puerto Montt (Chile). We have particularly explored the transformations in the model of densities of population, and in the physical, functional and sociospatial structures, taking place now. The industrial conglomerate related to the fishing sector, worldwide, is te main factor that has boosted the general process of urban restructuring. The changes are similar to those of other intermediate cities of she urban Chilean system. Nevertheless. in Puerto Montt these changes appear with moderate intensity. In general, the following interrelated trends are identified: increasing fragmentation of the physical space and in the model of densities of population, formation of nodes of centrality in the periphery, and increasing polarization of patterns of spatial segregation.

Estructura interna y diferenciación social urbana: comuna de La Reina

Land value and the role of the private management have been traditionally considered as explanatory forces of the socio-spatial differenciaton of the urban environment. However, in Chilean cities - specially those which have had a growing metropolization process - shouldbe added states influence through housing programs for middle and low social sectors, some of them do not having access to formal housing market. Three patterns of social differenciation were identified, starting from size, quality, state of maintenance, building year, land value, state role and action of neighboring groups: a) Consolidated urban area, characterized by its social heterogeneity; b) transitional-expansional urban area, defined by its high status of social homogeneity,and c) peripheral-consolidated urban area of low economical status. Special emphasis is put on the third category, which has been calleds ubintegrated habitat. ln fact, in front of the apparent homogeneity of this sector, it is possible indetify some social differences, specially from the point of view of the works status of the inhabitants, which are a product of the housing problem management in this space.