Jorge Rady de Almeida

Guidelines for the Integration of Autonomous UAS into the Global ATM

The growing social and economic interest in new unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) applications demands that UASs operate beyond the segregated airspace they are currently able to fly. However, UAS operations in non-segregated airspace should be regulated by aeronautical authorities before UASs can share airspace with manned aircraft. It has been a challenge for regulatory authorities to define these regulations because they do not understand the topic well. In addition, there is no consensus in the academic community regarding UAS concepts, such as taxonomy and features. This study proposes guidelines that could support UAS regulations for the future integration of autonomous UASs into the Global Air Traffic Management System (GATM). These guidelines are based on three viewpoints: the aircraft, the piloting autonomous system (PAS) and the integration of autonomous UASs into non-segregated airspace. We recommend that the UAS concept should be based on genuine aeronautical precepts, which would be directly applied, without terminology or conceptual adaptations, for the integration of these aircraft into airspace according to the GATM paradigm.

Quantitative analysis methodology in safety-critical microprocessor applications

Abstract In this paper, a quantitative methodology to be considered in safety-critical microprocessor applications is proposed. Some important aspects that must be considered in safety analysis work are discussed. We discuss how to evaluate the dangerous detectable and undetectable system failure rates in a single microprocessor board and the mean time to unsafe failure (MTTUF) of a critical system. The proposed methodology is finally applied to a practical system which employs a triple modular redundancy (TMR) architecture. The results obtained by employing this methodology are extremely relevant, especially to those aspects related to the impact of the computational blocks in the final safety integrity level (SIL) of a critical system. In this paper, we also consider how the software can influence the evaluation of the fault cover factor, another important aspect in safety analysis work.

Guidelines for integration of autonomous UAS in Global ATM

In recent years there is a crescent interest for operating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in new areas beyond the current reserved airspace. Such fact has forced regulatory organisations such as the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation) to evaluate unmanned aircraft and to propose regulations for the expanded use of such aircraft. The definition of these regulations is a challenge for the ICAO and the academic community. This paper proposes guidelines seeking the integration of autonomous UAS into the Global ATM proposals from the aircraft viewpoint, the autonomous pilot and the aircraft interaction in Global ATM. The possibility of integrating UAS into airspace depends on regulations that are yet to be defined and proper data with which to assure the flight safety standards of this new aircraft type.

Automatic analysis of requirements consistency with the B method

A consistent requirements specification is a fundamental success factor for quality software development projects. On the one hand, writing requirements in a natural language is not good for an automated conflict detection process. On the other hand, formal methods provide the basis for consistency checking of requirements specification automatically. In this paper, the potential of the B method for improving the requirements quality under the consistency dimension is discussed. We present an approach to use B specifications derived from a controlled natural language to identify requirements inconsistencies

A RULE REPOSITORY FOR ACTIVE DATABASE SYSTEMS

Active Database Systems (ADBSs) provides a good infrastructure to define and execute active rules. Nevertheless, this infrastructure offered by ADBSs does not completely satisfy the necessities of rules management that demands current business applications. Rules also need to be stored in appropriate structures to facilitate their management, as the existing structures for data in these systems. This work proposes a rule repository, composed by structures that allow the storage and organization of rules, in order to facilitate their management. For this purpose, a rule classification with the main rule types existing in the literature is presented, and then, it represents the characteristics and anatomy of each type in a meta-model, with the goal of analyzing the data that must be stored about rules. The rule repository, proposed in this paper, has been built based on this meta-model.

Safety and Security in Critical Applications and in Information Systems ¿ a Comparative Study

In this paper a comparative study is made between Safety-Critical Applications and Information Systems. These kinds of systems have the need for protection, each against specific kinds of problems. In both types of applications, it is necessary to adopt measures to assure their perfect operation, safety and security, preventing dangerous situations. The main concepts of these two kinds of applications are presented and compared. The techniques to guarantee systems safety and security are also considered. The purpose of this paper is to show that it is possible to combine those techniques, forming a unique set for safety and security guarantee.

Improving the Resilience of UAV in Non-segregated Airspace Using Multiagent Paradigm

During the last years, Europe and USA have made efforts to integrate Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in a non-segregated controlled airspace, aiming at their civilian use. So far, there has been no consensus on the criteria to be adopted by the community to, at least, keep the minimum safety levels as those already attained by international aviation. In this scenario, commercial aircrafts - with an increasing amount of passengers - and UAVs could be sharing the same airspace. There are a lot of concerns about the current navigation, control and surveillance system capacity as well as about the ability of analyzing and monitoring the resilience of the operating environment of the organizations and Authority Control to handle some dangerous situations caused by possible collisions between these aircraft. Based on this scenario, a research about UAV in Controlled Air Space is presented. The proposal is modeling UAV based on the Multiagent paradigm. Several scenarios and results are presented and discussed herein.

A safety assessment on the use of CPDLC in UAS communication system

This paper presents an analysis of the use of Controller-Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC) application for Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). A fault model for injecting different types of faults in the communication application was developed, which has been integrated in a federated-simulation framework for the safety analysis of communications within the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN). Thereby, the ATN Fault Module was used to perform fault injection in communication, in order to analyze the risk posed by interferences in the communication between UAS operations and ground-based air traffic service unit (ATSU), operating in non-segregated airspace. The presented analysis and results offer new elements to guide the discussion on the need of new communication technologies for next generation of aircraft. A simulation scenario was setup with typical characteristics of the aeronautical communication environment, being composed by the UAS dynamics, the digital link equipment, the CPDLC application and the ATN Fault Module. The results so far seem to demonstrate that our model is capable of appropriately representing some of the possible failure modes in digital communication in the UAS operations, allowing the analysis of safety issues related to message contents and transmission times in the interaction with Air Traffic Control (ATC).

Pattern recognition in mammographic images used by the residents in mammography

This paper presents a computational strategy for content based image retrieval (CBIR-Content-Based Image Retrieval), considering the similarity in relation to an image already selected. The identification of similarity is obtained by feature extraction, using the technique of wavelet combined with Hu moments. The classification of mammographic is performed using Artificial Neural Networks, through the classifier Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The proposed method is tested with a database of the Laboratory of Medical Image Classification (QUALIM) Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP).

The Safety Analysis Case in the São Paulo Metro

The purpose of this paper is to present the experience acquired with the studies about Safety Analysis, realised for “Companhia do Metropolitano de Sao Paulo”, the company that manager the Metro system of Sao Paulo City, focusing the signalling and control systems of the metro net.