Jorge Vinícius Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti

Removal of Effluent from Petrochemical Wastewater by Adsorption Using Organoclay

Water contaminated with petroleum derivates is produced in large volumes in many stages of refining oil. This mixture should be treated to separate these derivates from water before it can return to the environment. However, treatment with conventional processes is very often not economically feasible, or do not have the appropriate efficiency with regard to separation, or produce large amounts of mud that also need treatment (Almeida Neto et al., 2006).

Preparação e utilização de uma argila esmectítica organofílica como adsorvente de fenol

The main goal of this research was the preparation and use of a organophilic smectitic clay able to promoting the adsorption of phenol. In this work was used a natural clay called Chocolate, from Campina Grande - PB (Brazil). The natural clay was treated with a solution of sodium carbonate. After this the sodium clay was treated with quaternary ammonium salt. The adsorptive study was conducted by different values of pH and temperature. The results showed a better performance in adsorptive at pH 7 and temperature 30 oC, with removal of more than 80% of phenol.

Utilização de argilas esmectíticas do nordeste do Brasil para preparação de um adsorvente organofílico

The goal of this research was the preparation and use of organophilic clay capable of promoting the separation of phenol, found in large scale in the aqueous effluent of petrochemical industries. The studies consisted of preparing adsorbent material, based on five different types of clay taken from ponds located in the Northeast of Brazil, which are: Verde Lodo, Bofe and Chocolate, from Campina Grande, Boa Vista, PB, Brazil, and Lagoa de Dentro and S. Jorge, from Araripe’s pole of plaster in PE, Brazil. In experimental scale the clays in natura were treated with a solution of sodium carbonate, to the exchange of poly-cations exist in their interlayer regions by the sodium cation, used different concentrations, temperature and time of contact, according to a experimental design 2³. In response to treatment with sodium carbonate, was reading the plastic viscosity (cP or mPa.s) of aqueous suspensions of this material with 4.86% by weight. The result showed that the Chocolate clay, in the best condition of the experimental design, has a plastic viscosity equal to 4 mPa.s and therefore was chosen as adsorbent material to continue the study. The Chocolate clay was subjected to a treatment with quaternary ammonium salt, in two different concentrations, to cation exchange of sodium by quaternary ammonium cations. After preparing the adsorbent material, were tested adsorptive equilibrium was verified the effect of the concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt in the adsorptive process to removal of phenol. The adsorptive efficiency for a ratio (wt/vv) of 1 g of organophilic clay in 100 mL of phenolic solution, with initial concentrations between 20 and 110 mg.L -1

TRATAMENTO DE LIXIVIADO DE ATERROS SANITÁRIOS URBANOS UTILIZANDO OS PROCESSOS OXIDATIVOS AVANÇADOS COMBINADOS A COAGULAÇÃO/FLOCULAÇÃO

RESUMO – A pesquisa, fundamentada às necessidades de melhoramento no tratamento do lixo e seus derivados gerados na Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), propõe um estudo objetivando a degradação do lixiviado, remanescente do processo natural de decomposição do lixo em aterros sanitários. Assim sendo, este trabalho recorreu aos Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POA) combinado às técnicas de precipitação por coagulação/floculação como alternativas para o tratamento do mesmo. O lixiviado bruto foi submetido à precipitação química utilizando dois tipos de coagulantes: hidróxido de cálcio e sais de sulfato de alumínio polimerizado. Após análise estatística, tendo como variáveis de resposta a percentual de remoção da cor e da demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), foi obtido o coagulante com o melhor custo-benefício, tendo, em sua condição ótima, uma remoção de 22% de cor e 52% de DQO. Utilizando o melhor coagulante em sua condição ótima, realizou-se o planejamento de oxidação avançada utilizando o reagente Fenton e foto-Fenton, obtendo-se uma remoção de 58% do carbono orgânico total (COT) em relação ao lixiviado coagulado e 72% em relação ao lixiviado bruto.