Jörn Trefke

Smart Grid Architecture Model use case management in a large European Smart Grid project

On European level the EU Mandate M/490 including the final reports of the respective working groups are gaining momentum in the community. Two of the mandates core results deal with architecture description and use case management. As a response to the mandate, among other deliverables, the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM) has been developed to provide a framework for Smart Grid architectures. Additionally, use case templates as well as a comprehensive methodology for use case management have been specified. The focus of this contribution is to demonstrate how use case management and the SGAM, and thus recommended by the EU, can be applied together in practice to specific use cases provided by the DISCERN project. The very purpose of the SGAM application is to share information among projects that implement similar use cases based on different technical solutions. Finally, open issues and research gaps to be addressed in order to utilize the SGAM will be presented.

Towards a process for integrated IEC 61850 and OPC UA communication: Using the example of smart grid protection equipment

In order to guarantee a stable and reliable power supply in todays changing power grids, especially those automated system components that identify illegal states and protect the system from taking damage (protection equipment) have to be adapted. Solutions based on standard automation hard- and software, and open IT-standards allow a higher flexibility regarding frequent adaptions than hard-wired components. This raises the question of how established, standardized data structures and models can be used in combination with this breed of standard IT hard- and software. The proposed approach developed in the project i-Protect introduces a flexible and standard-compliant architecture that aims for the exchangeability of its various components.

Das Standardisierungsumfeld im Smart Grid – Roadmap und Outlook

SummaryMany new challenges arise by the realization of ICT-based smart grids. Standardization is an established means to cope with these challenges in economically efficient manner. This contribution provides an overview on various studies dealing with smart grid standardization and introduces a derived set of core standards.ZusammenfassungDer Wandel hin zu einem IKT-basierten Smart Grid bringt einige neue Herausforderungen mit sich. Standards stellen eine etablierte Möglichkeit dar, um diesen durch wirtschaftlich effiziente Lösungen zu begegnen. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über wichtige Studien und leitet dabei aus ihnen eine Menge an Kernstandards ab.

A regional electricity market approach in view of related Smart Grid initiatives

The transformation of conventional electricity supply infrastructures towards a more decentralized and sustainable provision requires technical and economical solutions which appropriately adapt to the new requirements and exploit arising efficiency potentials. This contribution introduces a reference architecture for regional electricity markets which allows the integration of small scale actors into the conventional supply infrastructure. Moreover, we provide a schematic comparison of architecture-related Smart Grid initiatives based on different evaluation criteria and relate them to our approach. This way we show that our market-oriented approach is intended to fill a gap in the Smart Grids domain by addressing trading-related issues.

Examples of Using the CIM

The XML based message exchange is one of the main use cases to the application of the CIM. Roughly said, there are two applications available. The first one is the standardized message exchange based on standardized interfaces specified in the standards IEC 61968-3 to IEC 61968-9. The second one is the coupling of two heterogeneous systems with a custom interface.

The IEC Common Information Model

The CIM is standardized within three different IEC standard series, namely IEC 61970, IEC 61968 and IEC 62325. Each of them has a different background and covers different use cases. However, all of them consist of many sub parts which are under continuous development lead by distinct working groups. Since they all rely on the same data model strong liaisons have been established and the CIM user group was founded as a central place for discussions and cooperations.

IEC/PAS 62559-Based Use Case Management for Smart Grids

Use cases are gaining momentum within requirements engineering for Smart Grids as they enable the description of how a system behaves in relation to its stakeholders. They allow to handle the complexity of systems and processes involved in Smart Grids. As more and more use cases for Smart Grids are developed, adequate management and coherent descriptions of use cases become necessary. The IEC Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 62559 aims at providing a method to develop use cases for Smart Grids and provides a corresponding template. Within this chapter, the need for use case management is motivated and proposals for a methodical enhancement as well as a tool support—both based on the IEC/- PAS 62559—are provided.

Development of Smart Grid Architectures

Because of new producer-, storage- and demand-side management systems which are introduced for a Smart Grid, new data pools, interfaces and processes, arise. Existing legacy systems have to interact with new systems, therefore, the functional and process logic of the power system will be distributed in a more complex way. Information and communication technologies will be required to realize these complex interactions. Developing such a complex system architecture requires a structured approach, which considers the various stakeholders’ concerns. Accordingly, a fundamental architecture management of the system landscape as well as a process overview needs to be established by energy suppliers. This chapter presents an introduction and basics on this topic.

Grundlagen der Referenzarchitekturentwicklung

Dieses Kapitel zeigt die Notwendigkeit und Vorteile einer gemeinsamen Basis zur Entwicklung komplexer Systeme auf. Dabei wird im Folgenden der Begriffsapparat um den Begriff Referenzarchitektur herum vorgestellt und von verwandten Begriffen abgegrenzt. Daruber hinaus wird auf die Dokumentation von Architekturen und die Entstehung von Referenzarchitekturen eingegangen.

Management of Information Models in the Energy Sector

This chapter motivates the use of information models to support the functional development of IT-applications for utilities. The complexity of the relationship between technology, regulation, business models and existing infrastructure in the domain of Smart Grids can be seen as very high. Other domains have adopted the concept of reference models to manage this complexity. This chapter provides an introduction to information models and presents a reference model catalog for the energy sector developed at OFFIS. It was developed with a focus on multi-utility enterprises in Germany but could also be extended to other domains and geographical regions.