José A. Carsí

Algebraic Specification of a Model Transformation Engine

In Model-Driven Engineering, a software development process is a sequence of manipulation tasks that are applied to models, where model transformations play a relevant role. MOMENT (MOdel manageMENT) is a framework that is integrated in the Eclipse platform. MOMENT provides a collection of generic set-oriented operators to manipulate EMF models. In this paper, we present the model transformation mechanism that is embodied by the ModelGen operator. This operator uses the term rewriting system Maude as transformation engine and provides support for traceability. ModelGen has been defined in an algebraic specification so that we can use formal tools to reason about transformation features, such as termination and confluence. Furthermore, its application to EMF models shows that formal methods can be applied to industrial modeling tools in an efficient way. Finally, we indicate how the ModelGen operator provides support for the QVT Relations language in the MOMENT Framework.

Formal Model Merging Applied to Class Diagram Integration

The integration of software artifacts is present in many scenarios of the Software Engineering field: object-oriented modeling, relational databases, XML schemas, ontologies, aspect-oriented programming, etc. In Model Management, software artifacts are viewed as models that can be manipulated by means of generic operators, which are specified independently of the context in which they are used. One of these operators is Merge, which enables the automated integration of models. Solutions for merging models that are achieved by applying this operator are more abstract and reusable than the ad-hoc solutions that are pervasive in many contexts of the Software Engineering field. In this paper, we present our automated approach for generic model merging from a practical standpoint, providing support for conflict resolution and traceability between software artifacts by using the QVT Relations language. We focus on the definition of our operator Merge, applying it to Class Diagrams integration.

Designing software architectures with an aspect-oriented architecture description language

A great deal of languages have emerged and have demonstrated the advantages that Aspect-Oriented Programming offers. For this reason, the aspect-oriented approach is being introduced into the early phases (analysis and design) of the software life cycle. In this work, we present an Aspect-Oriented Architecture Description Language (AOADL) to specify software architectures of complex, dynamic and distributed software systems. This AOADL follows the PRISMA approach, which integrates the advantages of Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) and Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD). The PRISMA AOADL combines components and aspects in an elegant and novel way achieving a better management of crosscutting-concerns. In addition, it is independent of the technology, and it has great expressive power in order to facilitate the automatic code generation from its specifications. In this work, we demonstrate how PRISMA AOADL improves the management, maintainability and reusability of software architectures introducing the notion of aspect in its ADL.

Evaluating requirements modeling methods based on user perceptions: A family of experiments

Numerous methods and techniques have been proposed for requirements modeling, although very few have had widespread use in practice. One drawback of requirements modeling methods is that they lack proper empirical evaluations. This means that there is a need for evaluation methods that consider both the theoretical and practical aspects of this type of methods and techniques. In this paper, we present a method for evaluating the quality of requirements modeling methods based on user perceptions. The evaluation method consists of a theoretical model that explains the relevant dimensions of quality for requirements modeling methods, along with a practical instrument with which to measure these quality dimensions. Basically, it allows us to predict the acceptance of a particular requirements modeling method in practice, based on the effort of applying the method, the quality of the requirements artifacts produced, and the user perceptions with regard to the quality of the method. The paper also presents an empirical test of the proposed method for evaluating a Rational Unified Process (RUP) extension for requirements modeling. That test was carried out through a family of experiments conducted with students and practitioners and provides evidence of the usefulness of the evaluation method proposed.

Dynamic evolution in aspect-oriented architectural models

This paper presents a solution to the evolution problem of software architectures. This solution is provided by PRISMA. PRISMA is an architecture modeling approach that integrates the advantages of Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) and Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD). This integration is reflected in its model and in its Architecture Description Language (ADL). In this paper, PRISMA is presented as a framework to evolve aspect-oriented and component-based architectures by requirements-driven evolution. The evolution is supported by means of a meta-level and the reflexive properties of PRISMA ADL which have been implemented as a middleware. In addition, it is demonstrated how the evolution services of the PRISMA meta-level permit the run-time evolution of software architectures using an industrial case study, the TeachMover Robot.

Integrating aspects in software architectures: PRISMA applied to robotic tele-operated systems

Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) has emerged as a new approach to develop software systems by improving their structure, reuse, maintenance and evolution properties. It is being applied to all stages of the software life cycle. In this paper, we present the PRISMA approach, which introduces AOSD in software architectures. PRISMA is characterized by integrating aspects as first-order citizens of software architectures. This paper shows how the PRISMA methodology is applied to develop a case study of the tele-operation system domain. We illustrate how the PRISMA approach can improve the development and maintenance processes of these kinds of industrial systems.

Automatic support for traceability in a generic model management framework

In a MDA process, software artifacts are refined from the problem space (requirements) to the solution space (application). A model refinement involves the application of operators that perform tasks over models such as integrations and transformations, among others. We are working on a model management framework, called MOMENT (MOdel manageMENT), where model operators are defined independently of any metamodel in order to increase their reusability. This approach also increases the level of abstraction of solutions of this kind by working on models as first-class citizens, instead of working on the internal representation of a model at a programming level. In this context, traceability constitutes the mechanism to follow the transformations carried out over a model through several refinement steps. In this paper, we focus on the generic traceability support that the MOMENT framework provides. These capabilities allow the definition of generic complex operators that permit solving specific problems such as change propagation.

Assessing the Influence of Stereotypes on the Comprehension of UML Sequence Diagrams: A Controlled Experiment

The main goal of this paper is to provide empirical evidence, through a controlled experiment, of the influence of stereotypes when modelers, developers, and maintainers have to comprehend UML sequence diagrams. The comprehension of UML sequence diagrams with and without stereotypes was analyzed from three different perspectives: semantic comprehension, retention and transfer. The experiment was carried out with 77 fourth year undergraduate students of Computer Science from the University of Bari in Italy. The results obtained show a slight tendency in favor of the use of stereotypes in facilitating the comprehension of UML sequence diagrams, although it is not statistically significant. Further replications are needed to obtain more conclusive results.

Assessing the influence of stereotypes on the comprehension of UML sequence diagrams: A family of experiments

Context: The conventional wisdom states that stereotypes are used to clarify or extend the meaning of model elements and consequently should be helpful in comprehending the diagram semantics. Objective: The main goal of this work is to present a family of experiments that we have carried out to investigate whether the use of stereotypes improves the comprehension of UML sequence diagrams. Method: The family of experiments consists of an experiment and two replications carried out with 78, 29 and 36 undergraduate Computer Science students, respectively. The comprehension of UML sequence diagrams with and without stereotypes was analyzed from three different perspectives borrowed from the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML): semantic comprehension, retention and transfer. In addition, we carried out a meta-analysis study to integrate the different data samples. Results: The statistical analysis and meta-analysis of the data obtained from each experiment separately indicates that the use of the proposed stereotypes helps improving the comprehension of the diagrams, especially when the subjects are not familiar with the domain. Conclusions: The set of stereotypes presented in this work seem to be helpful for a better comprehension of UML sequence diagrams, especially with not well-known domains. Although further research is necessary for strengthening these results, introducing these stereotypes both in academia and industry could be an interesting practice for checking the validity of the results.

Data Reverse Engineering of Legacy Databases to Object Oriented Conceptual Schemas

Abstract This paper presents a solution and a methodology to recover legacy databases of most DBMS using formal-method based techniques. These formal methods (terms rewriting systems) are applied during the data reverse engineering process and allow for an automatic approach. This automatic approach reduces the time invested and the number of people involved in the data reverse engineering and data migration processes. This solution is being implemented in the RELS (Re-Engineering of Legacy Systems) tool. The RELS tool is under development in the Department of Information Systems and Computation of the Valencia University of Technology in collaboration with the industrial partner CARE-Technologies. RELS is used together with the model compiler Sosy Technology® of CARE-Technologies and provides a complete solution to the re-engineering proccess.