José Adeilson Medeiros Nascimento

Saline water and liquid bovine manure in seedlings formation of guava cultivar Paluma

The salinity of the soils and of the waters, in a lot of arid and semi-arid areas of the Brazilian northeast constitutes a serious obstacle for the system of agricultural production. During the period from November 2007 to February 2008 an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of the irrigation water salinity and liquid bovine manure during the seedlings formation of guava cv. Paluma. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme 5 x 2, referring to levels of water salinity (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) in soil without and with liquid bovine manure in six replications and six plants per plot. Soil salinity was markedly elevated with an increasing salinity of irrigation water reflecting on decline of plant growth in height, stem diameter, leaf area, growth of roots and biomass production by guava plants, but with less intensity in plants with liquid bovine manure. The plants under irrigation with saline water and the organic product exceeded those treatments without the product at 86.9, 72.4, 11.0, 252.4, 351.0 and 39.7% of growth in height, stem diameter, length of roots, leaf area and biomass of roots and shoots respectively.

Estado nutricional de pinheira sob adubação orgânica do solo

From August 2009 to July 2010, an experiment was conducted in a sugar-apple orchard (Annona squamosa L.) in the town of Remigius PB, in order to evaluate the levels of macro and micronutrients and the leaf tissue of the plants in a soil treated with cattle manure and poultry litter. The treatments were distributed into randomized blocks, with plots split with time, three replications and two plants per plot, in a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to two sources of organic matter of animal origin (cattle manure and poultry litter), five doses of organic material by volume (0.0, 3.5, 5.3, 7.1 and 8.9%), and two periods of plant evaluation, 36 and 48 months after transplanting. The doses of organic material were set based on the organic-matter content of each source. With the exception of magnesium and zinc, the organic-matter sources did not differ statistically from the levels of other nutrients in the leaf dry-matter of the plants. The greatest accumulation of nutrients in the leaf dry-matter of the sugar apple was in the dosage-range of between 6.01 and 8.65% of organic matter.

Esterco bovino e potássio na composição mineral de plantas de noni

Noni fruit has been used since antiquity for treatment of many diseases such as allergy, arthritis, asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes, digestion, hypertension, and insomnia and is used as food supplement. Although these properties and its intercontinental adaptability, information about nutrient exigency and crop management is still little frequent in international and national literature. In this direction an experiment was carried out, during the period of July/2009 to July/2010, in Sao Luis, Maranhao state, Brazil, in order to evaluate effects of manure and potassium fertilization of the soil on mineral composition in leaves dry matter of noni plants. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks 2 x 4 referring to absence and presence potassium fertilization (130 kg ha-1 K2O) in soil with bovine manure levels (0, 1.7, 6.6 e 11.6 kg plant-1) applied in the area of plant projection . From the results, except in calcium and magnesium, the interaction bovine manure x K2O proportioned increment on the content of other macro and micronutrients in dry matter leaf of noni plants. The establishment of levels interpreting nutrient content suitable for noni is needed to assist the discussions of future studies of fertilization and crop nutrition.

Água salina e biofertilizante bovino na produção de frutos e alocação de biomassa em noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)

Organic compounds have shown to exercise a mitigating action on salts in plants and they promote growth and development in salt stress environments. In this sense, an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of saline water irrigation and bovine biofertilizer on yield and biomass allocation by the various organs of noni plants. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications and two plants per plot using the 5 x 2 factorial design, which correspond to the salinity levels of irrigation water of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1 in substrates with and without bovine biofertilizer, applied to the soil once, in the volume corresponding to 10% of the volume of the substrate one day before the implementation of the experiment. The variables evaluated were soil salinity, expressed as electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract, fruit number, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant, and biomass allocation by roots, stems, leaves and fruit. The increasing salinity of the water for irrigation increased the saline character of the soil from non-saline to saline soil and inhibited the production and accumulation of dry biomass in noni plants in general but with more intensity in the plants of the treatments without bovine biofertilizer applied to the soil in liquid form. The biofertilizer stimulates the growth and production of noni plants grown under irrigation with high salinity water.

Energy analysis of ethanol from sugarcane irrigated with treated domestic sewage

Using energy balance methodology, this study compared the sustainability of ethanol synthesis from sugarcane irrigated with different replacement levels based on the evaporation estimated in a Class A pan (ECA), using treated domestic sewage effluent and groundwater as the water source, in Aquiraz, in the State of Ceara. The adopted statistical design was of randomised blocks in split plots, with four replications. Two water sources (treated sewage effluent and groundwater) were evaluated in the plots, and five irrigation levels (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the ECA) were evaluated in the split plots. Irrigation with treated domestic sewage effluent results in greater energy expenditure. The irrigation depth relative to 150% of the ECA expends the most energy, irrespective of the water source. Irrigation with treated domestic sewage effluent gives a higher energy yield (368.9 GJ ha-1) through the application of a depth of 781.4 mm, while for irrigation with groundwater, 937.6 mm (150% of the ECA) is the best recommended depth for obtaining the highest energy yield (276.9 GJ ha-1). Domestic sewage effluent gives the best energy return, and its use in systems of crop-production is viable.

USO DO ESGOTO DOMÉSTICO TRATADO COMO FONTE HÍDRICA E NUTRICIONAL PARA A CULTURA DO FEIJOEIRO

Considering the relevance of the reduction or replacement of fresh water supplies for irrigation, to mitigate the use of agricultural fertilizers and to improve sustainability, this study aimed to evaluate water and nutritional efficiency of treated sewage in cowpea plots. The experiment was conducted in the city of Tianguá-CE, on land belonging to the Water and Sewage Treatment Company of Ceará. It used a randomized block design for the arrangement of split plots. The plots contained two water sources (treated sewage and well water). The subplots contained four irrigation levels based on potential evapotranspiration (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of ETc) and the sub-subplots contained four nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) levels (0%, 33%, 66%, and 99% of the nutritional recommendations for cowpea cultivation). The yield variables, number of pods per plant, bean numbers per pod, and bean production, were improved with increased irrigation, regardless of the water source. Examining NPK levels in particular, yields differed depending on the water source. The use of treated domestic wastewater for bean irrigation can replace up to 100% of commercial fertilizers.

Cattle manure and potassium in the mineral composition of noni plants

Noni fruit has been used since antiquity for treatment of many diseases such as allergy, arthritis, asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes, digestion, hypertension, and insomnia and is used as food supplement. Although these properties and its intercontinental adaptability, information about nutrient exigency and crop management is still little frequent in international and national literature. In this direction an experiment was carried out, during the period of July/2009 to July/2010, in Sao Luis, Maranhao state, Brazil, in order to evaluate effects of manure and potassium fertilization of the soil on mineral composition in leaves dry matter of noni plants. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks 2 x 4 referring to absence and presence potassium fertilization (130 kg ha-1 K2O) in soil with bovine manure levels (0, 1.7, 6.6 e 11.6 kg plant -1) 1 Engenheiro Agronomo, Dr., Professor da Unidade de Estudos de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhao, Cidade Universitaria Paulo VI, Bairro Sao Cristovao, Caixa-postal 09, CEP 65000-000, Sao Luis (MA), Brasil. jjj_mendes@hotmail.com 2 Engenheiro Agronomo, Dr., Professor do Programade PosGraduacao em Agronomia, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias, Univiersidade Federal da Paraiba, Campus II, Cidade Univiersitaria, Rodovia BR 079, Km 12, CEP 58397-000, Areia (PB), Brasil. lofeca@cca.ufpb.br 3 Engenheiro Agronomo, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Ceara, Campus Tiangua, Rodovia CE 187, CEP 62320-000, Tiangua (CE), Brasil. adeilson.nascimento@ifce.edu.br 4 Engenheira Agronoma, Dra., Professora do Centro de Ciencias Humanas Sociais e Agrarias, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Campus III, Cidade universitaria, CEP 58220-000, Bananeiras (PB), Brasil. belisia.diniz@gmail.com 5 Engenheiro Agronomo, Doutorando do Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Fitotecnia, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 36570-000, Vicosa (MG), Brasil. gusluso@hotmail.com Recebido para publicacao em 22/05/2012 e aceito em 23/05/2013