José Alberto Salvador Escalante Estrada

Rendimiento del frijol ayocote y maíz del agrosistema asociado en función del número de plantas por mata.

The ayocote bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) is a legume native to Mexico with potential as a foodstuff. To achieve greater spatial distribution to capture solar radiation and produce dry matter (MS), the climbing ayocote needs trellises. Conventional trellises raise the cost of production, but ayocote can be grown using maize as a trellis. To increase grain yield, management of population density and topological arrangement have been used. This study was conducted in Montecillo, Mexico, in the spring-summer season of 2014 to determine how the number of ayocote bean plants and maize per hill affects biomass production, harvest index, and grain yield and its components. The nine treatments were the result of the combination of 1, 2 and 3 ayocote bean plants and 1, 2 and 3 maize plants per hill. We recorded days to each phenological stage, total biomass (TB), harvest index (HI), grain yield (GY) and yield components of both crops. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four repetitions. The duration of the phenological phases of ayocote bean and maize were similar among treatments. In the association maize-ayocote the changes in the number of plants per hill of both crops affected TB, HI, GY and yield components of both ayocote bean and maize. In the agrosystem ayocote-maize, TB, GY and yield components are affected by the number of plants of bean ayocote and maize per hill. The combination that achieved the highest TB, GY and net income was three ayocote plants and one maize plant.

Root System, Phenology and Yield of Sunflower in Relation to Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Abstract Sunflower is a crop of world interest that is acquiring economic importance in Mexico. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the growth of the root system and its relationship with the canopy dry matter and yield and its components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The planting of cv. Victoria was conducted in Montecillo Mex., of temperate climate in a vertisol under conditions of seasonal rainfall on 16 May, with population density of 5 plants per m2. Treatments consisted in supply 0–200 kg ha−1 of N and P. The time to phenological stages was similar between treatment. The N and in minor degree the P increased grain yield (GY) and oil yield (OY) by increases in the grains number (GN), capitulum area (CA), canopy dry matter (CDM) and radical area (RA). In contrast, the P increase RDM but decrease the CDM/RDM relation. The effect of the interaction N * P on GY, OY indicates it is necessary to seek the best combination of N and P for increased the production of sunflower. The size grain and oil content in the grain did not change with N and P. The growth cycle was 122 days, with a seasonal ETc of 207 mm and 1,369°C d (Heat unit, HU).