José Antonio de Paz Fernández

Effect of ACTN3 gene on strength and endurance in soccer players.

Abstract Pimenta, EM, Coelho, DB, Veneroso, CE, Barros Coelho, EJ, Cruz, IR, Morandi, RF, De A. Pussieldi, G, Carvalho, MRS, Garcia, ES, and De Paz Fernández, JA. Effect of ACTN3 gene on strength and endurance in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 27(12): 3286–3292, 2013—Sports efficiency in activities in which strength and speed are the determining factors has been associated to the ACTN3 gene, which is responsible for the expression of &agr;-actinin-3. Soccer is a mainly aerobic sport because of its long duration, but the acute actions that define the game demand a lot of strength and speed. The purpose of the present study was to compare the performance capacity of soccer players with different genotype groups of ACTN3 (XX, RX, and RR) in strength, speed, and endurance tests. Two hundred professional players of Brazilian soccer first division teams participated in this study. Speed, jump, and endurance test results were compared with the polymorphisms of the ACTN3 gene. It was noticed that RR individuals spent less time to run a 10-m path, compared with XX individuals (p < 0.05). The RR individuals also presented lower time rates at the 20- and 30-m path, compared with RX and XX individuals (p < 0.05). In jump tests, RR individuals presented higher rates, compared with RX and XX individuals (p < 0.05). As for aerobic tests, the XX individuals presented higher rates of V[Combining Dot Above]O2 max, compared with the RR group (p < 0.05), and did not differ from the RX group. The main conclusion of this study is that soccer players of genotype ACTN3/RR are the fastest in short distances and present higher jump potential. ACTN3/XX individuals presented the highest aerobic capacity. These findings can be used in training load adjustment and can influence the development of tactical schemes in soccer matches.

Individuals with multiple sclerosis who participate in a 6-week group exercise programme “show an improvement in their quality of life and fatigue”

BackgroundNeurorehabilitation exercise programmes designed for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are usually carried out in gyms with specific facilities and expensive equipment. However, little is known about the effects of other training programmes which do not need special equipment. This pilot study aimed to determine whether patients suffering from MS show an improved quality of life (QoL) and diminished level of fatigue perception after participating in a group-based callisthenic exercise programme.MethodsA total of 26 individuals (17 women, 9 men, mean age 44.4 years) completed the study. Outcome assessments of fatigue were made with the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) and of QoL with the Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) scale. Results: The results obtained showed a significant difference on both scales after the programme (p<0.05 for FIS and p<0.01 for FAMS).ConclusionOur findings seem to indicate that callisthenic exercise programmes can be beneficial for individuals with MS. Further research with larger samples is needed.

Sarcopenia in community-dwelling persons over 60 years of age from a northern Spanish city: relationship between diagnostic criteria and association with the functional performance

INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a recognized problem in older people. Currently, its diagnosis goes beyond a simple loss of muscle mass. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sarcopenia, defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), in independent persons over 60 years of age from a northern Spanish city. In addition, this study compared the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and assessed the differences in functional performance according to them. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 258 members of community centers of both genders. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Appendicular lean mass index (App LMI), hand grip strength (HGS), and 8 foot up-and-go test (8f-UG) were used to diagnose sarcopenia. RESULTS The frequency of sarcopenia was 2.4% (n=6). In women, the App LMI was correlated with HGS (r= 0.164, p<0.05) and 8f–UG (r= -0.167, p<0.05), while in men, the App LMI was correlated with HGS (r=0.241, p<0.05) but not with 8f–UG (r= -0.173, p=0.117). The subjects with low HGS and low performance in the 8f–UG presented lower values in other functional outcomes than people with low App LMI (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Using the EWGSOP definition, the frequency of sarcopenia was low in a group of individuals over 60 years of age from a northern Spanish city. In clinical practice, greater emphasis should be placed on the decrease in muscle strength and functional performance rather than on low muscle mass alone.

¿Son efectivos los suplementos antioxidantes en la disminución del dolor muscular tardío?: Una revisión sistemática

INTRODUCTION In recent years, antioxidant supplements have become popular to counter the effects of free radicals and muscle damage symptoms, including delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). AIM To conduct a systematic review in different databases to determine the effects of antioxidant supplements on DOMS. METHODS We conducted a search in databases; Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus and SportDiscus and Web of Science (WOS). The words and acronyms used were; Delayed onset muscle soreness, exercise induced muscle damage, DOMS, EIMD, antioxidant and oxidative stress. RESULTS 54 articles were identified of which 48 were retreived, all in English, 17 related to vitamin C and E, supplements polyphenolic correspond to fourteen, eleven other antioxidant supplements and six to commercial supplements, all of them used to diminish the DOMS and other variables. CONCLUSIONS Both vitamins and commercial supplements have low effectiveness in reducing DOMS, while polyphenols and other antioxidant supplements show moderate to good effectiveness in combating DOMS. However, most of the studies have effectiveness in reducing other symptoms of muscle damage besides helping in the post-exercise recovery.

Densidad mineral ósea en niños celiacos: Indicaciones de estudio y efecto de la exclusión del gluten de la dieta

INTRODUCTION one of the main extradigestive manifestations of celiac disease is the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). Bone densitometry performed with DXA is the method of choice for BMD assessment. Indications for its use in celiac children are controversial. OBJECTIVE analyzing BMD and various clinical-analytical variables in celiac children when diagnosed and after a gluten-free diet. Define a profile of patients who are more likely to present BMD involvement based on several individual characteristics, to perform DXA indications. METHODS study performed in 24 celiac children (12 boys) (age: 8.7 ± 3.3 years). Their BMD was determined at diagnosis and after a gluten-free diet using DXA. The BMD was compared in each patient in the two moments of the study and at the moment of diagnosis between groups of patients stratified according to severity criteria dependent on clinical, analytical and histological variables. RESULTS BMD was normal in all patients studied at the time of diagnosis and after treatment, with no difference between the two moments of the analysis. Children who presented symptomatology when diagnosed with celiac disease had lower spine and femur BMD than asymptomatic ones. The calcemia had an inverse correlation with the time of evolution of the disease before its diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS in general, in our setting, the study of bone mineralization in celiac children is not indicated, unless there has been a prolonged clinical course before diagnosis.Introduccion: una de las principales manifestaciones extradigestivas de la enfermedad celiaca es la disminucion de la densidad mineral osea (DMO). La densitometria osea realizada con DXA es el metodo de eleccion para la valoracion de la DMO. Las indicaciones de su uso en ninos celiacos son controvertidas. Objetivos: analizar la DMO y diversas variables clinicas-analiticas en ninos celiacos cuando son diagnosticados y tras realizar una dieta sin gluten. Definir un perfil de pacientes con mayor probabilidad de presentar afectacion de la DMO en base a diversas caracteristicas individuales, para realizar indicaciones de DXA. Metodos: estudio realizado en 24 ninos celiacos (12 varones) (edad: 8,7 ± 3,3 anos). Mediante DXA se determino su DMO al diagnostico y tras realizar dieta sin gluten. La DMO fue comparada en cada paciente en los dos momentos del estudio y al diagnostico entre grupos de pacientes estratificados segun criterios de gravedad dependientes de variables clinicas, analiticas e histologicas. Resultados: la DMO fue normal en todos los pacientes estudiados en el momento del diagnostico y tras realizar tratamiento, sin que se apreciaran diferencias entre esos dos momentos del analisis. Los ninos que presentaban sintomatologia cuando eran diagnosticados de enfermedad celiaca tuvieron menor DMO en columna y femur que los asintomaticos. La calcemia tuvo correlacion inversa con el tiempo de evolucion de la enfermedad antes de su diagnostico. Conclusiones: en general, en nuestro medio, no esta indicada la realizacion de estudio de la mineralizacion osea en los ninos celiacos, salvo cuando haya existido una evolucion clinica prolongada antes del diagnostico.

Test-retest reliability of static postural control in people with multiple sclerosis

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyse the intraday test-retest reliability of stabilometric measurements on the Centre of Pressure (CoP) in persons with Multiple Sclerosis. [Subjects and Methods] The measurements were taken with the subject standing on the force platform with both feet together, in four different conditions: eyes open and closed whilst standing on both a rigid surface and then on foam. The measurements were taken on three occasions with intervals of 20 minutes between them. 18 persons with confirmed Multiple Sclerosis (MS), (aged 44.4 ± 13.3 years and 3.5 ± 1.5 EDSS) participated in the study. Relative reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI); and the absolute reliability using the coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error of measurement (SEM). [Results] The measurements of the CoP in all of the variables in each of the four conditions, showed a reliability of good to excellent (ICC=0.69–0.92) in the intraday test-retest. The variables which showed greatest consistency with repetition were X Speed, Y Speed and Side Length. [Conclusion] Given the results it would seem that the best variables for monitoring postural control in persons with MS are Speed on X and Y along with Side Length.

Valoración de la coordinación y el equilibrio en niños prematuros

INTRODUCTION Recent studies show that many preterm children without apparent neurological sequelae present some difficulties in different areas, such as coordination or balance during their school years. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) has demonstrated to be a useful tool to validate the coordination, while the stabilometric platform was the reference standard test for validating the balance. PATIENTS AND METHOD Case-control study carried out on preterm children from 7 to 10 years old and healthy term infant controls of the same ages. The same age band of MABC-2 was applied and the static balance by the stabilometric platform was analysed. RESULTS A total of 89 subjects were included, 30 preterm children≤1,500g birthweight, 29 preterm children>1,500g birthweight, and 30 controls. Preterm children obtained the lowest scores on an overall basis in hand dexterity and balance tests in MABC-2, regardless of their birthweight. Lower gestational age was associated with poorer outcomes in hand dexterity and total scores in MABC-2. Balance results were similar using the stabilometric platform, regardless of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS A little more than 10% preterm and term children could have coordination disorders or be at risk of developing them using the MABC-2. Despite the visual-motor coordination being similar, preterm children could face greater difficulties in hand dexterity while, in the absence of neurological comorbidity, preterm and term children balance could be comparable.

Diferentes modelos de regresión para describir la relación vO2-fc y para estimar el vO2 a diferentes intensidades de esfuerzo. (Different models of regression to describe the relation VO2-Fc and to consider the VO2).

Muchos son los estudios que demuestran el potencial de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) para estimar el coste energetico de una actividad fisica, ya que se relaciona directamente con el consumo de oxigeno (V . O2). La mayoria de estudios describen la relacion V . O2- FC como lineal para un amplio rango de esfuerzo, exceptuando los valores de reposo aunque se han propuesto diferentes funciones matematicas continuas no lineales sin existir todavia un acuerdo en la ecuacion mas apropiada. Tambien existen estudios que apuntan un cambio en la relacion V . O2-FC en funcion de la intensidad del esfuerzo. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar cual es la mejor funcion matematica que describe la relacion entre la FC y el V . O2 y decidir cual es la mejor funcion matematica para estimar el V . O2 a diferentes intensidades de esfuerzo. Participaron 14 sujetos que realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo maxima sobre cicloergometro y una prueba que consistia en pedalear a 5 intensidades de esfuerzo (40, 50, 60, 70 y 80% del V . O2max) durante 3 minutos. Durante ambas pruebas se midio V . O2 y frecuencia cardiaca. El modelo lineal y potencial fueron los modelos matematicos mas exactos para describir la relacion V . O2-FC. El mayor error de estimacion se produjo a bajas intensidades de esfuerzo. En conclusion, la eleccion de un tipo u otro de regresion influye en la exactitud del metodo de monitorizacion de la frecuencia cardiaca. Palabras clave: Consumo de oxigeno, frecuencia cardiaca, gasto energetico. === Abstract Many studies demonstrate the potential of the heart rate (HR) to estimate the energy expenditure of a specific physical activity, since it is directly related to the oxygen uptake (V . O2). Studies describe the O2-HR relationship as linear for a great range of effort, apart from the resting, although there have been proposed different continuous nonlinear mathematical functions. Nevertheless, there is no agreement for the best-suited equation by the moment. There are also studies which report changes in the V . O2-HR relationship according to the intensity of the effort. Our objective was to determine which is the best mathematical function to describe the existing relationship among HR and V . O2, and to state which one is the best mathematical function to estimate the V . O2 at different intensities of effort. Fourteen subjects performed a maximal test on a cycle ergometer, and another test which consisted in pedalling at 5 different intensities of effort (40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 % of the V . O2max) during 3 minutes. V . O2 and HR data were collected during both tests. The linear model and the potential model were the most exact mathematical models to describe V . O2-HR relation. The greater estimate error was found at low effort intensities. In conclusion, selecting the regression model can possibly affect of the monitoring method for the HR. Key words: Oxygen uptake, heart rate, energy expenditure.

Filabilidad del metodo de monitorización de la frecuncia cardiaca en la estimacion del costo energetico-VO2

Resumen El metodo de monitorizacion de la frecuencia cardiaca es utilizado para la estimacion de la energia gastada. Sin embargo, una de las principales criticas a dicho metodo es su fiabilidad. Por esto varias investigaciones se centran en el estudio de la exactitud del metodo y en consecuencia como mejorarlo. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la fiabilidad de este metodo cuando se aplica a diferentes intensidades de esfuerzo. Participaron en el estudio 4 mujeres y 5 hombres, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 27 anos, estudiantes de INCAFD. Se realizo una primera ergoespirometria para la determinacion de la recta VO 2 -FC y otra posterior para comparar la estimacion de VO 2 mediante el metodo de monitorizacion de FC con los resultados medidos por calorimetria indirecta. No existen diferencias entre el VO 2 estimado y el medido. El porcentaje de error medio fue de 1.47%, ocurriendo el mayor porcentaje de error a la intensidad mas baja. Diferenciando por sexos, ocurre que para las mujeres el VO 2 se sobrestima y en los hombres se subestima. En vista de los resultados, este metodo es de una elevada relacion coste-beneficio por lo que puede ser de gran utilidad en estudios de grandes poblaciones.

El ejercicio físico aeròbico como posible causa de lesión renal.

Resumen Para comprobar si la actividad fisica aerobica afecta al rinon y en que sentido, sometemos a un grupo de personas homogeneo desde el punto de vista de la edad y los datos antropometricos, a un ejercicio fisico controlado de intensidad submaxima. Durante la prueba cada individuo debe pedalear en un er-gociclo a una intensidad igual al 65% de su VO 2 max. Antes y despues de la prueba se toman muestras de orina para analizar en ellas: B-2-M, N.A.G., proteinas y sedimento urinario asi como la presencia o no de hematuria. Los resultados obtenidos nos indican que existen diferencias significativas en las proteinas, B-2-M y la N.A.G., al comparar los valores obtenidos en reposo con los que se observan despues del ejercicio, siendo estos ultimos siempre mas elevados. Los autores consultados coinciden en general con nuestros resultados por lo que podemos afirmar que, tras una actividad fisica de intensidad submaxima, puede haber alteraciones renales de origen tubular, que suelen desaparecer a los pocos dias sin dejar secuelas