José Antônio Pacheco de Almeida

Aspectos epidemiológicos e distribuição geográfica da esquistossomose e geo-helmintos, no Estado de Sergipe, de acordo com os dados do Programa de Controle da Esquistossomose

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis is endemic in Brazil, with high prevalence in the State of Sergipe, despite the existence of the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE). METHODS: The data from Sergipes PCE between 2005 and 2008 were surveyed. From the raw information, a database was created on a spreadsheet using the Access software. The frequency and geographic distribution of infections due to Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasites were analyzed. These data were exported to the Spring 5.0.5 software for georeferencing and preparation of thematic maps of the spatial and temporal distribution according to year of evaluation. RESULTS: In 2005, 13.6% (14,471/106,287) of the tests were positive for S. mansoni, 11.2% (16,196/145,069) in 2006, 11.8% (10,220/86,824) in 2007 and 10.6% (8,329/78,859) in 2008. Analysis on the maps showed that there was high prevalence of the disease in Sergipe, and particularly in the municipalities of Ilha das Flores, Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Luzia do Itanhi and Sao Cristovao. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between the frequencies of these parasitic diseases and social and developmental indicators in the different municipalities, according to data from the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Department of Water Resources (SRH). We found that municipalities with schistosomiasis prevalence higher than 15% had lower coverage of sewage systems (hygiene index) (p = 0.05). Additionally, municipalities with hookworm prevalence higher than 10% had lower educational HDI (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The importance of greater control over environmental risk and educational factors needs to be emphasized in attempts to reduce the prevalence of these parasitic diseases.

Predicting frequency distribution and influence of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection and analysis of co-infection with intestinal parasites.

Geospatial analysis was used to study the epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni, intestinal parasites and co-infections in an area (Ilha das Flores) in Sergipe, Brazil. We collected individually georeferenced sociodemographic, behavioral and parasitological data from 500 subjects, analyzed them by conventional statistics, and produced risk maps by Kernel estimation. The prevalence rates found were: S. mansoni (24.0%), Trichuris trichiura (54.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (49.2%), Hookworm (17.6%) and Entamoeba histolytica (7.0%). Only 59/500 (11.8%) individuals did not present any of these infections, whereas 279/500 (55.8%) were simultaneously infected by three or more parasites. We observed associations between S. mansoni infection and various variables such as male gender, being rice farmer or fisherman, low educational level, low income, water contact and drinking untreated water. The Kernel estimator indicated that high-risk areas coincide with the poorest regions of the villages as well as with the part of the villages without an adequate sewage system. We also noted associations between both A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections with low education and low income. A. lumbricoides infection and T. trichiura infection were both associated with drinking untreated water and residential open-air sewage. These findings call for an integrated approach to effectively control multiple parasitic infections.

GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO AO ESTUDO DE ESTRUTURAS LINEARES NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JAPARATUBA, SERGIPE, BRASIL

Este artigo tem como objetivo aplicar tecnicas de geoprocessamento para caracterizar estruturas lineares da Bacia Hidrografica do Rio Japaratuba (BHRJ), localizada no nordeste do estado de Sergipe. A metodologia empregada consiste no uso de dados SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) para a extracao da drenagem de forma automatica, como tambem do relevo sombreado que deram suporte aos metodos automaticos de extracao de lineamentos geologicos e representacao de linear de topos. Os metodos viabilizaram analises semiquantitativas na cartografia de estruturas geologico-geomorfologicas, onde os diagramas de roseta mostram que as tres variaveis utilizadas na pesquisa (a drenagem, as estruturas lineares e a representacao linear de topos) estao agrupadas de forma preferencial na direcao NW-SE, e um trend subordinado na direcao NE-SW, devido ao controle estrutural exercido pelas rochas do embasamento. O estudo serve como fonte de informacoes das formas do relevo presentes na regiao, bem como apresenta os riscos de erosao, e restricoes para o uso e ocupacao urbana da Bacia Hidrografica do Rio Japaratuba.

Scientific progress versus ecological influence on Schistosoma mansoni transmission

[1]. Departamento de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE. [2]. Institutos Nacionais de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Instituto de Investigacao em Imunologia, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Sao Paulo, SP. [3]. Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Acaraju, SE.In this issue of the

ASPECTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS DO NÚCLEO DE DESERTIFICAÇÃO DE SÃO RAIMUNDO NONATO/PIAUÍ

A cobertura vegetal e, dentre os componentes ambientais, um dos mais afetados pelas acoes humanas. Como consequencia da ma utilizacao deste recurso natural tem-se o comprometimento do regime das aguas, das caracteristicas dos solos, dos processos de escoamento superficial, culminando com a erosao. Diante da importância da cobertura vegetal, este trabalho objetivou analisar de forma temporo-espacial a dinâmica da cobertura das terras, do NDVI e de dados economicos para fins de avaliacao da degradacao/desertificacao no Nucleo de Sao Raimundo Nonato. Os resultados mostraram que houve decrescimo significativo da classe de cobertura das terras do tipo agricultura+solos exposto. Os dados de NDVI tambem evidenciaram decrescimo da classe solo exposto. Na classe de protecao muito baixa houve incremento, esta passou de 71,8%, em 1987, para 86% em 2007. O aumento da protecao oferecida pela cobertura vegetal que em 1987 era de 15,7% passou para 17,5% em 2007. Os resultados economicos indicam a reducao do tamanho dos rebanhos e das areas cultivadas com culturas temporarias. Esta reducao contribui positivamente para a diminuicao do processo de degradacao/desertificacao na area de estudo.