José Ariel Ruiz-Corral

Inducción de lluvia mediante sembrado de nubes con yoduro de plata en la región norte-centro de México en la temporada de lluvia 2012

1INIFAP Campo Experimental Zacatecas, km 24.5 Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo, Calera, Zacatecas, 98600, Mexico. (echavarria.francisco@inifap.gob.mx). 2INIFAP Campo Experimental Cotaxtla, km 34.5 Carretera Veracruz-Cordoba, Medellin de Bravo, Veracruz, Mexico. (diaz.gabriel@inifap.gob.mx). 3INIFAP Campo Experimental Centro-Altos de Jalisco, km 8 Carretera libre Tepatitlan-Lagos de Moreno, Tepatitlan, Jalisco, 47600, Mexico. (ruiz.ariel@inifap.gob.mx). 4INIFAP Sitio Experimental Metepec, km. 4.5 Carretera Toluca-Zitacuaro, Vialidad Adolfo Lopez Mateos s/n, Zinacantepec, Estado de Mexico, 51350, Mexico. (soria.jesus@inifap.gob.mx). 5INIFAP CENID RASPA, km 6.5 margen derecha canal Sacramento, Gomez Palacio, Durango, 35140, Mexico. (sanchez.ignacio@inifap.gob.mx). §Autor para correspondencia: medina.guillermo@inifap.gob.mx.

El cambio climático afecta el número de horas dentro de los rangos térmicos del chile (Capsicum annuum L.) en el Norte-Centro de México

In Mexico, chili cultivation has a long cultural tradition and is one of the main centers of origin and domestication. An average of 97,306 ha is planted annually in the north of the country. However, the productivity of the chili crop is very erratic due to biotic and abiotic factors that occur during its development. Extreme temperatures and water availability are two of the dominant abiotic stressors. The objective of this work was to know the effect of global warming, on the thermal range of the chili crop. A historical analysis was performed on the variation of the number of hours with temperature inside and outside the thermal range of chili, and a similar analysis in the climatic scenarios 2050 and 2070 in the RCPs 4.5 and 8.5. Both in the historical analysis and in the climatologies we found positive and negative effects of global warming. Global warming will favor chilli cultivation with a surface increase (22.6%) with hourly temperature within development thresholds (15 to 32 °C) and a surface increase (15.8%) within the optimum temperature range (18 to 28 °C). Chili cultivation will be limited by the increase (20.8%) in the surface area with hourly temperature above the upper threshold (32 °C) and an increase (18.5%) in the area with a night time temperature above the upper threshold of night temperature (18 °C) in RCP 4.5 and in climatology 2050. High temperature stress will have an eff ect on the yield decrease due to the negative eff ect on pollination and fruit binding processes.

Cambios esperados al uso del suelo en México, según escenario de cambio climático A1F1

Embedded in a robust scheme for spatial data analysis and using the climate change scenario A1F1year 2050 as a condition of border, were generated and interpreted the response surfaces of semivariograms of six indices of humidity (rain), the annual range of temperature, and the indices of salinity and soil compaction. Were obtained evidence of regional effects contrary to what is described by the global climate change with regard to the non-presence of extreme events of rain, but consistent in temperature increase. The influence on the expression of the climate with reference to the proximity of the coast line was outlined. It was found that the open arid and semi-arid ecosystems as the most vulnerable to stated conditions, with the consequent fragmentation of the same and a likely increase in the space frontier, disappearing some species with less capacity of adaptation and new to the biotic communities.