José Cáceres

The azygos lobe: normal variants that may simulate disease

In this paper we describe the normal appearance of the azygos lobe on conventional radiography and CT, presenting variants that may simulate pathology on the chest radiograph. We describe the signs that allow identification of such variants and the role of CT in explaining the findings and excluding a pathological process.

Computed tomography as the method of choice in the diagnosis of emphysematous cholecystitis

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 4 cases of acute emphysematous cholecystitis are described. The use of CT in the diagnosis of this condition is discussed in relation to the use of sonography and plain radiography.

Endobronchial lipoma: CT diagnosis.

Computed tomography was performed in two patients with endobronchial lipomas. Bronchoscopy was inconclusive, but CT provided the definitive diagnosis by demonstrating fat within the endobronchial tumor.

Fine-needle biopsy of the pancreas using real-time ultrasonography

Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of the pancreas by real-time ultrasonography was performed in 45 patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma. True-positive diagnoses were obtained in 27 cases, 11 examinations yielded true-negative results, 3 results were false-negative, 2 were equivocal, and 2 samples were inadequate.The overall success rate was 84.4%. No false-positive cytologic diagnoses were made. Complications were not seen in any of the patients.The results confirm the effectiveness, safety, and relatively low cost of this procedure.

Azygos continuation of inferior vena cava associated with an azygos lobe: computed tomography findings.

We describe a rare association of an azygos lobe and azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava, demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) scan.

CT demonstration of intrapulmonary right brachiocephalic vein associated with an azygos lobe

We describe a rare anomaly demonstrated by CT in which the right brachiocephalic vein follows an extramediastinal course in the anterior portion of the azygos fissure.

Carcinoma of the hepatic flexure with proximal lymphatic invasion mimicking Crohn's disease

A case of carcinoma of the hepatic flexure with ileocolic lymphangitic spread that simulates Crohns disease is reported. Careful evaluation of the primary lesion should give the key to the diagnosis.

Plain-Film and CT Evaluation of the Adult Mediastinum and Hilum: Pitfalls vs. Disease

Knowledge of the normal mediastinal anatomy and its variants is indispensable for proper interpretation of chest radiology. Mediastinal masses may be found incidentally in asymptomatic individuals, but they can also be symptomatic, depending on their size and location. Cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays an important role in the nonsurgical evaluation of mediastinal lesions.

Approach to Imaging of Mediastinal Conditions in the Adult

The mediastinum is an anatomic space defined by the thoracic inlet superiorly and the diaphragm inferiorly. It extends from the sternum to the vertebral bodies. Yet, despite its landmarks, there are no structures that completely separate the mediastinum from the neck above or the retroperitoneum below. Thus, imaging of the mediastinum and generating a relevant different diagnosis rest on the principles of localization and characterization.