José Carlos Souza

Sleep habits, sleepiness and accidents among truck drivers

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of sleep, shift work, alcohol and psychostimulant drug use, and the prevalence of accidents among truck drivers. METHOD Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Student t, chi-square, Pearson and Fisher tests. RESULTS 43.2% of the drivers drove over 16 h a day, and 2.9% worked shifts. Mean number of sleep hours/day was 5.97+/-1.47; 23.8% slept <5 hours; 50.9% made use of alcohol, 95.6% of caffeine, and 11.1% of amphetamines. Mean PSQI was 4.95+/-2.56; 35.4% had a PSQI >5; 23 subjects snored more than three times a week (11.1%). Mean ESS was 6.56+/-4.2; 21.7% had a score >10. In the preceding five years, 27 drivers (13.1%) were involved in accidents, 5 of which resulted in injuries and 3 in deaths. CONCLUSION Results showed a high prevalence of sleep disorders, use of alcohol and psychostimulant drugs, and accidents.

Excessive daytime sleepiness in Campo Grande general population, Brazil

The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in general population was determined by means of 408 home interviews of adults, in a representative sample of Campo Grande city, Brazil. The random sample was stratified by sex, age and economic social status. EDS was considered in those with indexes 11 or more in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Statistics used chi-square, Fisher and Pearson tests; and inferences based on binomial distribution parameters; the significance level was 5% and confidence interval (CI) was 95%. The prevalence of EDS was 18.9% of the general population ( SD=1.9%; CI 15.1% to 22.7%). No significant association was found between EDS and the use of hypnotics, nor with insomnia, body mass index, sex, age, years of schooling, economic social status, marital status, occupation and the use of alternative means to improve sleep. When the sample was separated according to sex, only the male group showed significant association between EDS and actual insomnia (p=0.005).

Insomnia and hypnotic use in Campo Grande general population, Brazil

The insomnia prevalence in general population was determined by means of 408 home interviews of adults, in a representative sample of Campo Grande city, Brazil. The random sample was stratified by sex, age and economic social status. Insomnia subtypes evaluated were the disorders of sleep initiation (DSI), sleep maintenance (DSM) and early awakening (DEA). A structured questionnaire was used with the consent from the interviewed subjects. Statistics used chi-square, and Fisher tests; and inferences based on binomial distribution parameters; the significance level was 5% and confidence interval (CI) was 95%. The general prevalence of insomnia was 19.1% (sd=2.0%), mostly women (p=0.0015), and people of less years of schooling (p=0.0317), subtype DSI (14.2%, p=0.0043), and chronic (p=0.7022). Hypnotic drugs were used by 6.9%(sd=1.3%) in the last month. Use in the last 2 years, 70.3% mostly insomniacs (p<0.0001), women (p=0.0372) and people over 30 years of age (p=0.0536).

Quality of life and insomnia in university psychology students

A QOLI (Quality of Life of Insomniacs) questionnaire was administered to psychology students from UCDB for the purpose of comparing the life quality of insomniac and non‐insomniac students by way of the following variables: quality of sleep, quality of awakening, physical state, psychological mood/state of mind, relationships (family, professional/academic and social). Students were considered as insomniacs according to the following criteria: a history of insomnia of from 2 weeks to 3 months; two or three of the following criteria: total nights sleep of less than 6 hr; at least two awakenings in the early morning; a sleep latency (period needed to fall asleep) greater than 30 min; additional sleep during the day, owing to the insomnia; absence of any somatic cause and/or treatment for insomnia. The statistical analysis was done comparing the average scores of each of the variables taken from the two groups, by way of the Students t‐test. It was concluded that insomnia affected the physical well‐being, psychological mood/state of mind and relationships (family, professional/academic and social) of the psychology students from UCDB and, thus, their quality of life.A QOLI (Quality of Life of Insomniacs) questionnaire was administered to psychology students from UCDB for the purpose of comparing the life quality of insomniac and non-insomniac students by way of the following variables: quality of sleep, quality of awakening, physical state, psychological mood/state of mind, relationships (family, professional/academic and social). Students were considered as insomniacs according to the following criteria: a history of insomnia of from 2 weeks to 3 months; two or three of the following criteria: total nights sleep of less than 6 hr; at least two awakenings in the early morning; a sleep latency (period needed to fall asleep) greater than 30 min; additional sleep during the day, owing to the insomnia; absence of any somatic cause and/or treatment for insomnia. The statistical analysis was done comparing the average scores of each of the variables taken from the two groups, by way of the Students t-test. It was concluded that insomnia affected the physical well-being, psychological mood/state of mind and relationships (family, professional/academic and social) of the psychology students from UCDB and, thus, their quality of life.

Sleep habits in native Brazilian Terena children in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Sleep habits in childhood vary in function of physiological factors. Cultural traits also influence sleep habits. This research evaluates sleep habits of Native Brazilian Terena children. The Terena group here studied live in the central region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, on the plains; they are peaceful and dedicated mainly to agriculture. Two villages were studied, Tereré and Córrego do Meio, both in Reservations. Sleep characteristics of 67 children (40M;27F), 2 to 10 year olds, were evaluated in interviews with their mothers. The results evidenced that cosleeping, in the same bed with family members is the standard Terena pattern present in every evaluated child. The presence of two or more beds and a mean of five or more people in each bedroom was the typical finding. The authors propose that cosleeping and the presence of numerous family members reflect the high values attributed to family links in the Terena culture.

Sono, qualidade de vida e acidentes em caminhoneiros brasileiros e portugueses

Sleep disorders, shift work, excessive daytime sleep iness (EDS) and quality of life (QL) were evaluated by Epworth sleepiness scale, SF-36 and PSQI in 206 Brazilian and 200 Portuguese truck drivers. Portuguese d rivers sleep more on working days ( p<0.0001) and on non-working days ( p=0.0720) and do more shift work (37.50%), whereas Brazilian drivers wake up earlier on working days ( p<0.0001) and on non-working days (p<0.0001). Sleep disorders affected 35.40% of Brazilian drivers and 21.50% of Portuguese drivers ( p=0.0019), whereas 32.00% and 21.00% had respectively EDS (p=0.0015). Brazilian truck drivers drive over 16 hou rs a day (43.20%) and use more amphetamines (11.10%) ( p<0.0001), while Portuguese drivers consume more alcohol (73.50%) ( p<0.0001). QL scores were better for Portuguese driver s regarding mental health ( p<0.0001) and pain ( p<0.0001) and better for Brazilian drivers regarding physical function ( p<0.0001), vitality (p=0.0002) and social function ( p<0.0001). Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in b oth countries.Sleep disorders, shift work, excessive daytime sleep in ss (EDS) and quality of life (QL) were evaluated by Epworth sleepiness scale, SF-36 and PSQI in 206 Brazi lian and 200 Portuguese truck drivers. Portuguese d riv rs sleep more on working days ( p<0.0001) and on non-working days ( p=0.0720) and do more shift work (37.50%), whereas Bra zilian drivers wake up earlier on working days ( p<0.0001) and on non-working days (p<0.0001). Sleep d isor ers affected 35.40% of Brazilian drivers and 21.50% of Portuguese drivers (p=0.0019), whereas 32.00% and 21.00% had respectively EDS (p=0.0015). Brazilian truck drivers drive over 16 hou rs a day (43.20%) and use more amphetamines (11.10% ) (p<0.0001), while Portuguese drivers consume more alcohol (73.50 %) (p<0.0001). QL scores were better for Portuguese driver s regarding mental health ( p<0.0001) and pain ( p<0.0001) and better for Brazilian drivers regarding physical function ( p<0.0001), vitality (p=0.0002) and social function ( p<0.0001). Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in b oth countries.

Sonolência diurna excessiva em pré-vestibulandos

OBJETIVE: Sleep is a phenomenon that has influence on cognitive aspects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) prevalence. METHODS: 378 senior high school students from a school of Campo Grande-MS, Brazil, were interview with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The variables that were crosSDE with the scale were: sex, alcohol use, smoking, symptoms of depression, family income and age. For the analysis it was uSDE the c2 test and the variance analysis test. RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 50,3% boys and 49,7% girls, 39,2% were alcohol drinkers, 6,6% were smokers and 33% had already had depression. The overall prevalence of EDS was 55,8% and of respiratory disturbance or sleep apnea was 5,3%. We found relationships between alcohol intake and smoking and the Epworth scale. CONCLUSIONS: It was high the prevalence of EDS, and associations between the variables sporadic consume of alcohol and tobaco, were detected, related to the ESE. New studies are needed to prevent cognitive changes among senior high school students that show ESS or another sleep disturbance.

Sleep habits in native brazilian bororo children

Sleep behavior patterns in childhood are influenced by familial, cultural and environmental factors. In understanding sleep in Native Brazilian Bororo children, one should consider the influence of their culture on the childs sleep. This research analyzes sleep habits of Native Bororo children from the Meruri village, located in an Indian Reservation in the state of Mato Grosso. Fourty four children (24 M; 20 F) were evaluated; ages ranged from one month to 10 years, with a mean age of 4.9 years. Sleep characteristics were assessed by means of a standard questionnaire applied to the mothers. Cosleeping--sleeping together with family members--was a remarkable finding, in every child 0-2 year old and in 81.5% in the 2-10 years group. The second characteristic was sleeping with many people in the same room. There was an average of 5.1 people per room in the younger group and 3.9 people in the older group.O padrao de sono da crianca e influenciado por fatores familiares, culturais e ambientais. Para compreendermos as caracteristicas do sono da crianca indigena brasileira, devemos levar em consideracao a influencia de sua cultura. Esta pesquisa analisa habitos de sono da crianca indigena Bororo na aldeia Meruri, em reserva indigena no Mato Grosso. Quarenta e quatro criancas foram avaliadas (24 M; 20 F), com idades de um mes a 10 anos (media 4,9 anos). As caracteristicas do sono foram avaliadas por meio de questionario padronizado aplicado em entrevista com as maes. O habito de dormir junto (cosleeping) na mesma cama com familiares foi encontrado em todas as criancas abaixo de 2 anos; em 81,5%, entre 2 e 10 anos. Numerosos familiares dormem no mesmo quarto. Ha em media 5,1 pessoas por quarto no grupo abaixo de 2 anos e 3,9 no grupo acima de dois anos.

Sleep characteristics in children in the isolated rural African-Brazilian descendant community of Furnas do Dionísio, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Developmental and cultural factors affect sleep habits in childhood. The objective of this research was to determine sleep habits of children in the isolated rural African-Brazilian community of Furnas do Dionísio. Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The members of this community are closely related descendants of the ex-slave Dionísio, and remained in relative geographical isolation for about a century. Sleep characteristics of 55 children (35 M; 20 F), 2 to 10 year olds, were evaluated in interviews with their mothers. The results showed that cosleeping, in the same bed with family members, was present in 80.0% of the 2-3 year olds; decreasing to 25.0% of the 8-10 year olds. Only 5.4% of the children slept alone in their own bedroom. Mean number of persons per bedroom was 2.8. Only 7.0% of the bedrooms had TV; 98.1% slept in silence. The data obtained support the need to weigh cultural factors influence on sleep.

Estudo sobre a anorexia e bulimia nervosa em universitárias

To detect prevalence that indicates Anorexia and Bulimia in university students, considering marital status, course, BMI, depression and physical activity. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were administered to 352 female students. In comparison with the other courses, students of the nutrition course showed higher positive prevalence of Anorexia (20,2%), depression (23,2%), and practitioners of physical activity (19,2%). Occupational therapy and non practitioners showed higher negative prevalence. As for Bulimia, obese persons (35,7%) and over weight persons (21,1%) showed serious concern about their body image. Persons under weight did not show this concern (93,8%). The nutrition course showed higher prevalence that indicates Anorexia and depressed people tend to have worse outcomes on both instruments.