José Holanda Campelo Júnior

Estimativa do balanço de energia em cambarazal e pastagem no norte do Pantanal pelo método da razão de Bowen

O estudo do balanco de energia de uma superficie vegetada e a atmosfera e importante para caracterizar o microclima local, identificar interacoes entre variaveis ambientais e a vegetacao, e identificar efeitos das atividades antropogenicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a variacao sazonal do balanco de energia pelo metodo da razao de Bowen em uma area de vegetacao monodominante de Cambara na RPPN SESC-Pantanal e uma area de pastagem na Fazenda Experimental da UFMT. Os componentes do balanco de energia apresentaram sazonalidade, com maiores medias na estacao chuvosa nas duas areas de estudo. No cambarazal houve maior variacao do fluxo de calor latente da estacao seca para a chuvosa que na pastagem. Entretanto, a variacao sazonal do fluxo de calor sensivel foi menor no cambarazal que na pastagem, devido ao efeito termo-regulador do cambarazal, em funcao da maior biomassa. A energia disponivel aos dois sitios foi destinada prioritariamente em fluxo de calor latente, 80,0% no cambarazal e 56,6% na pastagem, seguido pelo fluxo de calor sensivel, 19,1 e 42,9%, e pelo fluxo de calor no solo, 0,3 e 7,2%.

Monitoramento do mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae), por meio de ovitrampas no Campus da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Estado de Mato Grosso

TDengue is one of the most important arboviruses affecting man and is a serious health problem in tropical areas where climatic conditions are favorable for occurrences of foci of Aedes aegypti. Oviposition traps with added hay infusion were installed at 19 points on the campus of the Federal University of Mato Grosso with the objective of investigating the monthly levels of infestation with the dengue vector and the influence of abiotic factors. The results obtained were compared with the following monthly abiotic data: temperature, relative air humidity and precipitation; and with the number of days for which the traps remained in the field. Rain was the only abiotic factor that influenced the level of infestation of the dengue vector at this location. There were significant differences between the quantities of Aedes aegypti eggs found at different sites within the same study area. The numbers of eggs found at each site over the year did not follow a single distribution pattern.

Leaf and fruiting phenology and gas exchange of Mangabeira in response to irrigation

The mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomez) is a native species of Brazil occurring in the savanna (Cerrado) and Atlantic Coastal forests. It is a promising species for large-scale horticulture due to the high-protein properties of its fruits, but extensive cultivation has not yet been accomplished. Research is still needed to determine cultivation techniques that will optimize productivity. As irrigation is considered to be the most important agronomic technique to enhance productivity, the goal of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of irrigation on leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate) and foliar and fruiting phenology. Our results suggest that irrigation acts by increasing the growth and fruit production of mangabeira due to its effects on phenology. Gas exchange of adult plants was only marginally affected by irrigation; however, irrigated plants retained leaves longer than non-irrigated plants during the dry season, which increased the C gain over an annual period. The increase in C gain presumably led to irrigated plants having a higher relative frequency of fruited plants than the non-irrigated. A significant positive correlation between net photosynthesis rate per unit dry mass and specific leaf area was found for irrigated plants, which suggests that irrigation can promote the development of new leaf cells with no direct contribution to

Determinação do estoque de carbono em Teca ( Tectona grandis L. F.) em diferentes idades

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of carbon in teak ( Tectona grandis L.f.), with 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 5.5 years of age, during one year. The teak evaluated belonged to the BRASTECA AGROFLORESTAL LTDA company, located in the municipality of Santo Antonio of Leverger, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The carbon stock for each age was assessed every 90 days by determining the amount of litter dry mass, organic carbon proportion in the soil, root density in the soil and the volume of the staff and crown in the three teak trees randomly selected for harvest. The assessment of the plant size, as height, diameter at chest height and crown projection, was carried out with twenty preserved plants at each age. The dry mass of the roots was determined from the relation between the soil volume and the density of roots of the three plants per age, by making four perforations per plant, with six samples for each, up to 0.90 m of depth. The carbon proportion in the soil and in the litter was obtained by age at each collection through laboratory analysis. The average carbon found per hectare was 122.5 t of C at 0.5 years; 104.3 t of C at 1.5 years; 180.8 t of C at 2.5 years; 303.1 t of C at 3.5 years and 322.3 t of C at 5.5 years, considering the numbers of plants per hectare at the different ages. Afterward, the average distribution of carbon per system component was found to be 90.8% in the soil, 5.04% to the aerial part, 3.04% in the roots and 1.21% in the litter.

ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO NUMA PASTAGEM MISTA, EM CONDIÇÕES DE CERRADO, PELOS MÉTODOS DE RAZÃO DE BOWEN E PENMAN-MONTEITH

SummaryThe objective of this work was to determine the energy balanceand the evapotranspiration by the Bowen ratio method and to comparewith the reference evapotranspiration obtained with the Penman-Monteith™sModel of a mixed pasture composed of three types of species: Panicummaximum, Elyonurus muticus and Brachiaria humidicola in cerradoconditions, of september to december of 2006. The experiment wasconducted in the Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal de MatoGrosso, in Santo Antonio do Leveger - MT, where the AgrocilmatologicalStation Ricardo Remetter is located to 50 m of the study location. Thetemperature and vapor pressure values were measured in the heights 0,55,1,00 and 1,55 m (levels 1, 2 and 3). The energy balance estimate wassatisfactory when it used the levels gradients 1-2 and 1-3, with reliable index(c) of 0,87. However, the energy balance estimated in the levels 2-3 hadvalues of the Bowen ratio outside the reliable limit (-0,5 and 0,5) and reliableindex (c) of 0,73, being smaller than the levels 1-2 and 1-3. The radiationbalance was used mainly as latent heat, being affected by the meteorologicalvariable and by water availability in the soil.Key words: water use, energy balance, Willmott index.IntroducaoA producao de bovinos em regime de pastagem tem se tornadouma forte tendŒncia da pecuAEria mundial na atualidade. Embora apresenteum menor custo de producao, esse sistema faz parte de um processo deinteracao entre crescimento da planta forrageira, utilizacao da forragemproduzida, e sua conversao em produto animal (Teixeira et al., 2005).Ecossistemas de pastagens sao entidades bastante complexas, epossuem uma sOrie de componentes bioticos e abioticos que interagem entresi de diferentes maneiras (Silva & Pedreira, 1997). Os ciclos de crescimen-to das gramineas sao em muito influenciados pelas variAEveis meteorologicas,tais como temperatura, AEgua e luz, os quais determinam todo o desenvolvi-mento dessas plantas, quando nao considerado o potencial genOtico dasmesmas (Soria, 2002).A irrigacao de pastagens no Brasil apresentou crescimento acen-tuado a partir da dOcada de 1990, existindo, atualmente, dezenas de equipa-mentos do tipo pivo-central. Com essa nova prAEtica, os pecuaristas, princi-palmente do Centro-Oeste e do Nordeste brasileiro, obtiveram, inicial-mente, resultados satisfatorios. PorOm, com o passar dos anos, devido aomanejo inadequado da irrigacao e a falta de recomendacies tOcnicas empastagens, os resultados passaram a ser insatisfatorios (Silva et al., 2005).A determinacao do consumo hidrico, por meio da estimativa

Métodos não destrutivos para estimativa de densidade de área foliar em mangueira

The objective of this work was to estimate the number of leaves in the branches of mango cultivars canopies and to estimate the leaf area density using, respectively, an allometric relation and a light interception model. The work was carried out with the Alfa, Roxa and Malind cultivars, grown at the experimental farm of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, in the municipality of Santo Antonio do Leverger, MT, Brazil. The equations tested for determining the number of leaves had excellent performance, with confidence indexes ranging from 0,85 to 0,94, and can be used as an alternative for estimating the leaf area of the three cultivars. The light interception model also had good performance in estimating leaf density, with confidence indexes ranging from 0,97 to 0,99 and from 0,68 to 0,95 for the Roxa and Malind mango cultivars respectively.

Correlation of the least limiting water range with soil physical attributes, nutrient levels and soybean yield

and micronutrients analyzed, and also with the land slope, compared the correlation with the soybean yield data. Therefore, nutritional analysis of the grains complemented by physical analysis of the soil can be used to identify nutritional imbalances that are not otherwise observable and thus, the LLWR can be useful for planning corrective actions regarding soil and crop management, based on measurement of the Bdcritical.

Desenvolvimento e qualidade da lima ácida Tahiti em Colorado do Oeste, RO

Os aspectos de crescimento, desenvolvimento e qualidade de frutos citricos na regiao de Colorado do Oeste, RO, nao tem sido explorados. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade fisico-quimica de frutos de lima acida Tahiti em diferentes epocas de desenvolvimento, sem irrigacao, na regiao de Colorado do Oeste, RO. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Federal de Rondonia (IFRO), Campus de Colorado do Oeste, durante os anos de 2006, 2007 e 2008, com o acompanhamento das safras de 2006/07 e 2007/08. Para cada safra foram avaliadas oito epocas de desenvolvimento dos frutos, da fase de chumbinho a colheita. Determinaram-se soma termica em graus-dia, unidades fototermicas e precipitacao pluviometrica. Houve influencia das condicoes meteorologicas na duracao das epocas de desenvolvimento dos frutos e na qualidade dos frutos na safra 2006/07, mas na safra 2007/08 nao houve diferenca significativa para peso, tamanho medio dos frutos, acidez e rendimento medio de suco. Tamanho e peso dos frutos, pH, solidos soluveis, acidez, relacao SS/AT e teor de vitamina C do suco dos frutos apresentaram valores medios adequados aos padroes comerciais exigidos pelo mercado in natura e pela industria. O rendimento de suco dos frutos colhidos na safra 2006/07 apresentou qualidade satisfatoria para atender as necessidades do mercado in natura ou industrial, mas nao para a safra 2007/08, devido ao baixo rendimento de suco dos frutos, provavelmente em razao da menor precipitacao pluviometrica ocorrida nessa safra. O indice tecnologico encontrado nas safras avaliadas esta abaixo do exigido pela industria.

DEFINIÇÃO DE ZONAS DE MANEJOS A PARTIR DE ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO E PRODUTIVIDADE DE SOJA

Demarcating soil management zones can be useful, for instance, delimiting homogeneous areas and selecting attributes that are generally correlated with plant productivity, but doing so involves several different steps. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical and physical attributes of soil and soybean plants that explain crop productivity, in addition to suggesting and testing a methodological procedure for defining soil management zones. The procedure consisted of six steps: sample collection, data filtering, variable selection, interpolation, grouping, and evaluation of management zones. The samples were collected in an experimental area of 12.5 ha cultivated with soybean during the 2013/14 crop in Dystrophic Red Latosol, in Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 117 pairs of plant and soil samples were collected. Student’s t-test was used (α = 0.02) to verify that the number of samples was adequate for correlation analysis. Results showed that only the P and Mn content in the grains explained (based on R values) the variation in soybean grain productivity the area. Based on the interpolation of these contents by ordinary kriging, the fuzzy C-means algorithm was used to separate them into groups by similarity. Division into two groups was the best option, which could be differentiated by Mann–Whitney test (P < 0.05), resulting in a map with 10 management zones.

Components of energy balance estimated by the method of reason bowen in an orchard cashew

This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Mato Grosso in the municipality of Santo Antonio de Leverger in a cashew orchard (Anarcadiaceae). The objective of the study was to evaluate the energy balance using the Bowen ratio method in a cashew orchard aged 10 years with an average height of 3.5 m. It was evaluated the fluxes of latent heat of evapotranspiration (LE), sensitive (H) and the heat flux into the soil (G) in the dry season in the Julian days of 248 to 253 in the year 2012. The net radiation (Rn) and the heat flux into the soil (G) were instrumentally measured by a micrometeorologic tower installed inside the orchard. The results showed that the flow value of H and LE were close between 10:00 and 13:00 o’ clock; however values of H occurred to be higher than LE in the Julian days of 248 and 250. LE and H represented 71% and 26% of Rn respectively. The Bowen ratio method showed positive values on days 252 and 253, and negative ones on days 248-251.