José Luis Casteleiro-Roca

A hybrid intelligent system for PID controller using in a steel rolling process

Abstract With the aim to improve the steel rolling process performance, this research presents a novel hybrid system for selecting the best parameters for tuning in open loop a PID controller. The novel hybrid system combines rule based system and Artificial Neural Networks. With the rule based system, it is modeled the existing knowledge of the PID controller tuning in open loop and, with Artificial Neural Network, it is completed the rule based model that allow to choose the optimal parameters for the controller. This hybrid model is tested with a long dataset to obtain the best fitness. Finally, the novel research is validated on a real steeling roll process applying the hybrid model to tune a PID controller which set the input speed in each of the gearboxes of the process.

An intelligent fault detection system for a heat pump installation based on a geothermal heat exchanger

The heat pump with geothermal exchanger is one of the best methods to heat up a building. The heat exchanger is an element with high probability of failure due to the fact that it is an outside construction and also due to its size. In the present study, a novel intelligent system was designed to detect faults on this type of heating equipment. The novel approach has been successfully empirically tested under a real dataset obtained during measurements of one year. It was based on classification techniques with the aim of detecting failures in real time. Then, the model was validated and verified over the building; it obtained good results in all the operating conditions ranges.

Hybrid Intelligent System to Perform Fault Detection on BIS Sensor During Surgeries.

This paper presents a new fault detection system in hypnotic sensors used for general anesthesia during surgery. Drug infusion during surgery is based on information received from patient monitoring devices; accordingly, faults in sensor devices can put patient safety at risk. Our research offers a solution to cope with these undesirable scenarios. We focus on the anesthesia process using intravenous propofol as the hypnotic drug and employing a Bispectral Index (BISTM) monitor to estimate the patient’s unconsciousness level. The method developed identifies BIS episodes affected by disturbances during surgery with null clinical value. Thus, the clinician—or the automatic controller—will not take those measures into account to calculate the drug dose. Our method compares the measured BIS signal with expected behavior predicted by the propofol dose provider and the electromyogram (EMG) signal. For the prediction of the BIS signal, a model based on a hybrid intelligent system architecture has been created. The model uses clustering combined with regression techniques. To validate its accuracy, a dataset taken during surgeries with general anesthesia was used. The proposed fault detection method for BIS sensor measures has also been verified using data from real cases. The obtained results prove the method’s effectiveness.

Modeling the Electromyogram (EMG) of Patients Undergoing Anesthesia During Surgery

All fields of science have advanced and still advance significantly. One of the facts that contributes positively is the synergy between areas. In this case, the present research shows the Electromyogram (EMG) modeling of patients undergoing to anesthesia during surgery. With the aim of predicting the patient EMG signal, a model that allows to know its performance from the Bispectral Index (BIS) and the Propofol infusion rate has been developed. The proposal has been achieved by using clustering combined with regression techniques and using a real dataset obtained from patients undergoing to anesthesia during surgeries. Finally, the created model has been tested with very satisfactory results.

Hybrid Intelligent Model to Predict the SOC of a LFP Power Cell Type

Nowadays, batteries have two main purposes: to enable mobility and to buffer intermitent power generation facilities. Due to their electromechaminal nature, several tests are made to check battery performance, and it is very helpful to know a priori how it works in each case. Batteries, in general terms, have a complex behavior. This study describes a hybrid intelligent model aimed to predict the State Of Charge of a LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate - LiFePO4) power cell type, deploying the results of a Capacity Confirmation Test of a battery. A large set of operating points is obtained from a real system to create the dataset for the operation range of the power cell. Clusters of the different behavior zones have been obtained to achieve the final solution. Several simple regression methods have been carried out for each cluster. Polynomial Regression, Artificial Neural Networks and Ensemble Regression were the combined techniques to develop the hybrid intelligent model proposed. The novel model allows achieving good results in all the operating range.

Modeling of Bicomponent Mixing System Used in the Manufacture of Wind Generator Blades

The clean energy use has increased during the last years, especially, electricity generation through wind energy. Wind generator blades are usually made by bicomponent mixing machines. With the aim to predict the behavior of this type of manufacturing systems, it has been developed a model that allows to know the performance of a real bicomponent mixing equipment. The novel approach has been obtained by using clustering combined with regression techniques with a dataset obtained during the system operation. Finally, the created model has been tested with very satisfactory results.

A Novel Fuzzy Algorithm to Introduce New Variables in the Drug Supply Decision-Making Process in Medicine

One of the main challenges in medicine is to guarantee an appropriate drug supply according to the real needs of patients. Closed-loop strategies have been widely used to develop automatic solutions based on feedback variables. However, when the variable of interest cannot be directly measured or there is a lack of knowledge behind the process, it turns into a difficult issue to solve. In this research, a novel algorithm to approach this problem is presented. The main objective of this study is to provide a new general algorithm capable of determining the influence of a certain clinical variable in the decision making process for drug supply and then defining an automatic system able to guide the process considering this information. Thus, this new technique will provide a way to validate a given physiological signal as a feedback variable for drug titration. In addition, the result of the algorithm in terms of fuzzy rules and membership functions will define a fuzzy-based decision system for the drug delivery process. The method proposed is based on a Fuzzy Inference System whose structure is obtained through a decision tree algorithm. A four-step methodology is then developed: data collection, preprocessing, Fuzzy Inference System generation, and the validation of results. To test this methodology, the analgesia control scenario was analysed. Specifically, the viability of the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) as a guiding variable for the analgesic process during surgical interventions was studied. Real data was obtained from fifteen patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery.

An Intelligent Model to Predict ANI in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia

One of the main challenges in anesthesia is the proposal of safe and efficient methods to administer drugs to regulate the pain that the patient is sufffering during the surgical process. First steps towards this objective is the proposal of adequate indexes that correlate well with analgesia. One of the most promising index is ANI (Antinociception Index). This research focuses on the modelling of the ANI response in patients undergoing general anesthesia with intravenous drug infusion. The aim is to predict the ANI response in terms of the analgesic infusion rate. For this a model based on intelligent regression techniques is proposed. To create the model, it has been checked Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). Results were validated using data from patients in the operating room. The measured performance attest for the potential of the proposed technique.

Attempts Prediction by Missing Data Imputation in Engineering Degree

Nowadays, both students performance and its evaluation are important challenges and play a significant role, in general terms. Frequently, the students attempts to pass a specific curriculum subjects, have several fails due to different reasons and, in this context, lack of data adversely affects interesting future analysis for achieving conclusions. As a consequence, data imputation processes must be performed in order to substitute the missing data for estimated values. This paper presents a comparison between two data imputation methods developed by the authors in previous researches, the Adaptive Assignation Algorithm (AAA) based on Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), and the Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations methodology (MICE). The results obtained demonstrate that both proposed methods achieve good results, specially AAA algorithm.

A Machine Learning Based System for Analgesic Drug Delivery

Monitoring pain and finding more efficient methods for analgesic administration during anaesthesia is a challenge that attracts the attention of both clinicians and engineers. This work focuses on the application of Machine Learning techniques to assist the clinicians in the administration of analgesic drug. The problem will consider patients undergoing general anaesthesia with intravenous drug infusion. The paper presents a preliminary study based on the use of the signal provided by an analgesia monitor, the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) signal. One aim of this research is studying the relation between ANI monitor and the changes in drug titration made by anaesthetist. Another aim is to propose an intelligent system that provides decisions on the drug infusion according to the ANI evolution. To do that, data from 15 patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery were analysed. In order to establish the relationship between ANI and the analgesic, Machine Learning techniques have been introduced. After training different types of classifier and testing the results with cross validation method, it has been demonstrated that a relation between ANI and the administration of remifentanil can be found.