José Luis Pérez García

Synthesis of N- (Aminoethyl) Azoles Under Phase Transfer Catalysis

Abstract A convenient procedure is reported for the N-alkylation of azoles with 2-chloroethylamine under phase-transfer catalysis conditions.

A New, Robust, and Accurate Method to Extract Tide- Coordinated Shorelines from Coastal Elevation Models

Abstract FERNÁNDEZ LUQUE, I.; AGUILAR TORRES, F.J.; AGUILAR TORRES, M.A.; PÉREZ GARCÍA, J.L., and LÓPEZ ARENAS, A., 2012. A new, robust, and accurate method to extract tide-coordinated shorelines from coastal elevation models. The extraction of highly accurate shoreline data is fundamental to carrying out accurate and reliable studies to enhance our understanding of coastal evolution and coastal vulnerability. In our case, shoreline extraction was needed to develop a method based on an extrapolation process because the most suitable height for datum-coordinated shoreline extraction along Spanish coastal areas turned out to be the orthometric datum origin, i.e., the origin of the vertical reference system in Spain. Because of the microtidal nature of the Mediterranean Sea, using this vertical datum is rather troublesome for remotely extracting ground points to apply to traditional shoreline-extraction methods based on interpolation procedures. Because of these difficulties, a new method for shoreline extraction, based on extrapolation from an iterative digital-elevation model, is presented in this article. The Elevation Gradient Trend Propagation method employs the local elevation gradient to estimate the shoreline position by extrapolating the slope until the zero-elevation contour, representing the modeled intersection of the vertical datum and the beach profile, is reached. The proposed methodology was tested on a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)–derived digital-elevation model, which comprised a coastal area of Almería (Mediterranean Sea, south Spain). The results obtained from the new approach were compared with those provided by the widely known Cross-Shore Profile (CSP) method. A validation process was conducted for both methods to highlight their advantages and shortcomings. An alternative contour level of 0.4 m was employed as a ground truth because the zero-elevation contour was not available because LIDAR returns under the water surface were unavailable. The validation process showed that the proposed method was more robust and more suitable than CSP method was for microtidal coasts and for data that need to be extrapolated to reach the desired contour level. In addition, the influence of the starting point in applying the elevation extrapolation process was also proven.

Extracción Automática de Edificios a partir de Modelos Digitales de Superficies : el sistema BUILDING

En este trabajo se plantea una aproximacion al complicado problema de la localizacion, extraccion y representacion vectorial de manera semiautomatica de edificaciones situadas en zonas urbanas o suburbanas, a partir del analisis de modelos de superficie, lo suficientemente densos como para representar la escena urbana, y de imagenes aereas orientadas de la zona de estudio. Elmetodo propuesto utiliza como informacion de partida losmodelos digitales de superficie generados de forma automaticamediante tecnicas fotogrametricas o de sistemas LIDAR con una densidad demalla elevada, asi como de un modelo previo de forma geometrica de los edificios existentes en la zona. Estos modelos de superficie, seran tratados mediante operaciones de morfologia matematica para la diferenciar los puntos que pertenecen al terreno propiamente dicho, de los pertenecientes a objetos situados sobre el, asi como por momentos geometricos invariantes para obtener el rectangulo representativo del objeto localizado. Una vez localizados los posibles edificios, asi como los rectangulos que representan a cada uno de ellos, se procedera a refinar estos resultados trabajando sobre los fotogramas aereos correspondientes. Mediante analisis digital de imagenes se realizara una extraccion de bordes y con la ayuda de la transformada de Hough se obtendra el rectangulo principal de la imagen. Este rectangulo junto con la altura delmismo extraida en la fase anterior, formara el prisma de base rectangular que representara al edificio. Todas estas operaciones han sido implementadas en un sistema de desarrollo propio, el sistema BUILDING, cuyos resultados iniciales son presentados en este trabajo para poner de manifiesto las posibilidades y problemas de la metodologia propuesta. In this work we present an approximation to the complicated problem of the semiautomatic location, extraction and vector representation of buildings. This approximation is based on surface obtained from the high-density model analysis and of the oriented aerial images of a determinate area. The proposed method uses as input information the digital surface models (obtained from photogrammetric process or LIDAR mapping data capture according to a very high density grid) and a previous geometric model of the form of the existent buildings in the zone. The surface models will be processed using mathematical morphology operators in order to classify ground points and non-ground points. Furthermore, the regions that have been classified as non-ground regions will be processed using invariant geometric moments in order to obtain the representative rectangle of localized object. Once the possible buildings have been detected, their representative rectangles are defined. The results will be refined using the complementary information provided by aerial photogrammetric imagery. Using digital image analysis procedures it is possible to extract the main borders presented in the images and applying the Hough’s transform the principal rectangle will be obtained. This rectangle combined with the heights obtained from the DSM in the same location, constitute the rectangular base prism that represent to the building. All these operations have been implemented in an own developed system,whose preliminary results are presented in this works in order to establish the capabilities and problems of the methodology.

Reactive sacroiliitis as late sequela after severe 3elvic inflammatory disease verified by aparoscopy or laparotomy

Objective. To investigate the frequency of lumbosacral pains and sacroiliitis as late sequela of severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) confirmed by laparoscopy or laparotomy.