José María López Martínez

Towards universal access to content using MPEG-7

This paper presents a system providing functionalities for cataloging multimedia content using MPEG-7 and accessing to content and descriptions. The cataloging application indexes content using MPEG-7 and creates annotated variations in order to have the capability of offering media content to a large amount of different terminals and through different access networks. The created multimedia database, both descriptions and content (original sources and variations), is used by, currently, two applications: a searching application, which allows a user selecting specific tags to find the desired media; and a filtering application for transparent access to the content database using profiles. These profiles can be selected from a profiles database or created by the user specifying content preferences, and network and terminal parameters.

Authoring 744: first results

This paper presents the first results of the Authoring744 research initiative, which uses MPEG-7 to synthesize MPEG-4 content. The objective is to use MPEG-7 content descriptions to synthesize content, instead of creating descriptions by analyzing existing content. The output uses MPEG-4 XMT as the representation format, which is further used to create an MPEG-4 binary format, which can in turn be played.

Developing Multimedia Applications: System Modeling and Implementation

This paper presents a model to develop novel user applications (or services) dealing with Multimedia Information retrieval through Telecom Networks, using a core application subsystem. Once the core system is available at the Information Provider sites, different applications can be easily developed on top of the services provided by the system. A building blocks architecture is proposed to provide access to storage systems, independently of their internal per site structure. The work carried out under the RAMA Project is also described.

Gradual shot transition detection based on multidimensional clustering

Detection of shot transitions in video material is a process intended to ease the automatic extraction of video features for later use in indexing and retrieval purposes. While abrupt shot transitions are discontinuities quite easy to detect, the gradual ones are highly masked by and confused with object motion, camera operation, and other disturbing effects. Current approaches to detecting gradual transitions are based on the calculation of several inter-frame distances, and on the compensation and detection of the aforementioned causes of disturbance. This article presents an innovative detection method based on a multi-parameter modeling of the patterns that these transitions produce over a simple inter-frame distance, which opens the possibility of a later multi-dimensional classification of the desired transitions into a single cluster.

REQUERIMIENTOS ENERGÉTICOS DE LOS VEHÍCULOS HÍBRIDOS DE TRANSPORTE URBANO DE ALTO TONELAJE

The decomposition of the methane by means of a thermal and catalytic process (DTC) has been widely studied previously. The process to laboratory level, either in moving bed or fluidized bed, has been optimized, mainly with metallic catalysts, obtaining an efficiency of hydrogen production nearby to the maximum theoretically fixed by the thermodynamic, depending on the temperature of reaction. A rotary reactor designed by Inasmet-Tecnalia to carry out the process of Catalytic Thermal Decomposition (DTC) of methane has been investigated in order to achieve the COx-free production of hydrogen. The aim of the present work is to study the efficiency of this type of reactor, in a pilot scale, for a continuous production of hydrogen. A reactor such as, speci? cally designed, offers excellent fluidodynamic properties for the route DTC, though the optimization of the design in the scale that one has worked was not an object of the study. The trials, carried out in this reactor, allow the study of the influence of operating conditions such as the temperature reaction, the action of the different types of catalyst in the bed, the flow of methane, and the residence times, with a view to optimizing the parameters adjusted for the specific technology used. Likewise, there has been studied the nature of the carbon obtained as by-product with a view to his economic valorisation.The results have been compared with the best published information referred to the same process using traditional processes (fixed bed and fluidized bed). The result demonstrates that the process is highly competitive taking into account the methane conversion, turning out to be the most favorable for the economic reasons, the simplification of the process, and the facility of scale-up. Equally, the system permits continuous operation which is of special interest facing his transfer to the industrial tissue.

UNA MICRORED BASADA EN ENERGÍA SOLAR COMO ALTERNATIVA VIABLE PARA LA MOVILIDAD ELÉCTRICA

The technological developments experienced in recent years by the solar photovoltaic industry and its growing economies of scale, have allowed self-supply and net metering with respect to the network become a reality that is increasingly present in the residential and industrial sectors of many Western countries. Spain is amongst of the most reluctant European countries to join this scattered generation model. Nevertheless, the electric vehicle is timidly making its way into certain niche markets. This article analyses, from the point of view of the system sizing, the possibilities of photovoltaic net metering to recharge electric vehicles under a zero emissions scenario or equivalent from a small power installation of approximately 3 kW and therefore perfectly adapted to the usual consumption levels of a typical single-family housing. Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Solar Photovoltaic, Net Metering, Battery Charging, Battery Swapping

ANÁLISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD EN EL CÁLCULO DE EMISIONES CONTAMINANTES DEL TRÁFICO DE MERCANCÍAS EN EJES DE TRANSPORTE

La competitividad en el transporte de mercancias espanol y mundial, junto con la preocupacion creciente por la reduccion de emisiones, ha provocado que se preste una gran atencion a la mejora de su eficiencia, tanto desde el punto de vista logistico como el medioambiental. Por ello, el trasvase modal tiene una relevancia creciente en las administraciones y en investigacion. En este trabajo se desarrolla un analisis de sensibilidad sobre un codigo de ordenador de simulacion estocastica, que estima la distribucion de probabilidad de las emisiones que se dejan de producir en la carretera como consecuencia del trasvase modal de mercancias al ferrocarril. El modelado estadistico proporciona el valor anadido esencial de la cuantificacion de las incertidumbres y comprende varias etapas que posteriormente se acoplan mediante el metodo de Monte Carlo, implementado en un codigo de simulacion escrito en lenguaje abierto R. El analisis de sensibilidad se realiza a traves de un experimento computacional cuyos resultados se analizan mediante la tecnica ANOVA, para estudiar el efecto, sobre las emisiones, de cambios en las distribuciones de probabilidad de las variables que determina las etapas del modelo, tanto de forma individual (efectos principales) como conjunta (interacciones). La metodologia se aplica como ilustracion al eje Madrid-Guipuzcoa para la estimacion de consumos y de las emisiones de CO, NOx, HC y de material particulado (PM). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.1989

DETERMINACIÓN DE CICLOS DE CONDUCCIÓN EN RUTAS URBANAS FIJAS

Una forma usual para la evaluacion del consumo y emisiones de los vehiculos es mediante la reproduccion de ciclos estandar de conduccion. Asi pues, es esencial que estos ciclos se ajusten al comportamiento real de los vehiculos. Algunos tipos de vehiculos presentan ciclos cinematicos especificos, como son los vehiculos que recorren rutas urbanas fijas, para los que suele considerarse que todos los itinerarios comparten caracteristicas semejantes, lo cual supone una importante limitacion. Este articulo presenta una metodologia para la construccion de ciclos de conduccion poligonales estandar aplicables a estos vehiculos, y determinados para cada grupo de rutas de caracteristicas cinematicas semejantes. La metodologia integra el tratamiento de los datos de operacion, agrupamiento de rutas y construccion del ciclo. Los algoritmos han sido aplicados satisfactoriamente sobre una muestra de lineas de autobuses urbanos en Madrid.

ANALISIS DEL CICLO DE VIDA DE AUTOBUSES URBANOS EURO IV

The Euro 4 standard sets a pollutant emissions limit respect to NOx and particulate matter emissions that have forced to automobile manufacturers and, specifically, to engine manufacturers, at make studies about the engine performance and exhaust aftertreatment technology that have resulted in systems radically different. Specifically systems presented have been two, on one side, engines that reduce the temperature inside combustion chamber, by exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for NOx reduction and incorporate a particulate filter in the exhaust and, on the other side, engines operating at high temperatures to reduce particulate matter, and incorporate a selective catalytic system (SCR) for NOx reduction using urea. This paper presents a comparative study about using both systems in an urban bus, to determinate the best behavior against the energy requirement and greenhouse gas emissions (GEI) by means a Life Cycle Analysis (ACV). Furthermore, the study includes a comparative analysis of different fuels: diesel, biodiesel (B100) and a blended biodiesel at 20% (B20) (Well to Tank analysis) and the environmental impact due to the use of these fuels in the bus (Tank to Wheel analysis). For this purpose, data on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were acquired by tests in real driving cycle, using a measurement equipment on board the bus. Also has been evaluated the environmental impact of the manufacturing and recycling process of the urban bus tested, as well as, of the exhaust after treatment systems (where the production and recycling of precious metals that are used as a catalysts, has been considered). The data on energy requirement and GEI emissions of different process that are involved in the ACV stages of an urban bus , have been obtained from industry, scientific publication and data bases as GaBi 4 and GEMIS. Among the most relevant results of this comparative analysis has found that the ACV of the SCR+Urea technology has an energy consumption and GEI emissions higher than the ACV of the EGR+DPF technology, mainly due to AdBlue production and supply (formed from deionized water and urea), that this technology requires for its continuing treatment of the exhaust gases. However, the bus that includes this technology generates, in use, lower environmental impact.

MISS: A Generic Model for MetaInformation SubSystems

This paper presents an approach to a flexible model for building an indexing subsystem based on metadata: the MetaInformation Subsystem (MISS). The MISS model consists of a software architecture, a system architecture, and an information model. The software architecture relies on a model (based on four levels: database, storage & retrieval, functional core, and application) used for the development of applications for information systems to search in and populate a database. The system architecture consists of a Browsing Application and a Populating Application, both built on top of a Metadata Database via the proposed software architecture. The Browsing Application is in charge of managing the users interaction with the subsystem (navigation, search, and retrieval), whereas the Populating Application provides a mechanism to insert metadata and data views into the MISS databases. Finally, the proposed information model (the Metadata Information Model—MIM) consists of the metadata content, its structure, and the representation model, being in connection with the MPEG-7 standardisation work and providing impact to this Forum. In order to validate it, MISS has been used in the implementation of the Browsing and Retrieval System of the HYPERMEDIA ACTS 361 Project “Continuous Audiovisual Market in Europe” (publicly demonstrated in several workshops and in Telecom Americas 2000), obtaining very good results in terms of functionality, flexibility and reliability.