José Maurício da Cunha

ESTIMATIVA DO BALANÇO DE RADIAÇÃO POR SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO DE DIFERENTES USOS DE SOLO NO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

Mudancas no uso do solo tem motivado pesquisas sobre a dinâmica de trocas radiativas e energeticas na Amazonia Brasileira, que por sua vez provocam um aumento na demanda por dados dessas trocas na superficie em largas escalas espaciais e temporais. Enquanto, a medicao das trocas radiativas e energeticas em torres micrometeorologicas fornece resultados pontuais, o sensoriamento remoto apresenta resultados com boa acuracia e baixo custo para estimativa dessas trocas na superficie em escala regional. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuicao espacial e temporal de estimativas de saldo de radiacao e parâmetros biofisicos por sensoriamento remoto em diferentes usos do solo no sudoeste da Amazonia Brasileira. Foram selecionadas 04 areas com cobertura do solo por floresta amazonica natural, floresta amazonica manejada, sistema silvipastoril e pastagem. O saldo de radiacao e os parâmetros biofisicos (NDVI, indice de area foliar, albedo e temperatura radiometrica) foram estimados pelo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land), usando imagens do sensor TM do satelite Landsat 5. As imagens utilizadas foram do mes de julho dos anos 2009, 2010 e 2011, que correspondem ao periodo de seca da regiao. O NDVI, IAF, albedo e saldo de radiacao apresentaram maiores valores na floresta natural, seguida por floresta manejada, sistema silvipastoril e pastagem. Por outro lado, a temperatura radiometrica da superficie apresentou maiores valores para o sistema silvipastoril, seguido por pastagem, floresta natural e floresta manejada.

Gypsum, Soil Scarification and Succession Planting as Alternatives to Mitigate Compaction of Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol

Understanding and quantifying the impact of soil management and use on its physical properties are essential to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of agricultural gypsum, soil scarification and succession planting on the physical attributes of dystrophic red-yellow latosol in Porto Velho, Rondonia state (RO), Brazil. The treatments used were absence and application of 2000 kg ha-1 of gypsum, absence and use of soil scarification, and three types of crop succession: SF (soybean/fallow), SMF (soybean/maize/fallow) and SMBF (soybean/maize/brachiaria/fallow). A randomized block design was used on eight blocks, for a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Soil parameters assessed were macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density, moisture content and penetration resistance. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The highest macroporosity and total porosity values were recorded in treatments with gypsum application and soil scarification. Penetration resistance was lower in the SMBF and SMF crop successions. There was no treatment effect on the soil density.

Variability and spatial correlation of aggregates and organic carbon in indian dark earth in Apuí region, AM

Having in mind the importance of knowing the variability and spatial correlation of soil properties in Indian Dark Earth (IDE), we evaluated in this study the variability and the spatial correlation of aggregates and carbon in an Ultisol under coffee cultivation in southern Amazonas. It was established a 48 x 88 m sampling grid spaced 06 x 08 m, totalling 88 sampling points. Then soil samples were collected at: 0.0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m layers. The spatial variability of the Mean Weighted Diameter (MWD) attributes, aggregates > 2 mm, < 2 mm, bulk density (BD) and organic carbon (OC) was analyzed by adjusting the simple semivariograms, while spatial correlations of the OC with aggregates and BD were analyzed by cross-semivariogram. We could conclude that there was spatial dependence in the variables, wherein the largest ones were observed at 0.0-0.05 m, except for Mean Weighted Diameter (MWD) and aggregates greater than 2.00 mm with larger range of values in depth from 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. The mean weight diameter and aggregate class attributes greater than 2.00 mm had negative spatial correlation with organic carbon at 0.0-0.05 m, while the smaller aggregates than 2.00 mm classes and bulk density correlated positively with organic carbon at 0.0-0.05 m and 0.10-0.20 m.

PERCEPÇÃO DE SOLOS: experiência com estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental em escola da rede pública de Humaitá, AM DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5892/ruvrd.v15i2.3001

Soil is a fundamental component of the terrestrial ecosystem, despite its importance, this content is not usually addressed with proper quality in elementary education. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of soil in school: experience with students of the 5th year of elementary school at a school in Humaita, AM. The study was conducted at, Humaita-AM Municipal School Kindergarten San Francisco. The target audience were students from two

CRESCIMENTO DAS MUDAS DE CUPUAÇU (Theobroma grandiflorum) SOB EFEITO DE DIFERENTES COMPOSIÇÕES DE BIOFERTILIZANTES DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5892/ruvrd.v15i2.3299

1 Engenheira Agrônoma da Universidade Federal do AmazonasUFAM, ediana.agronomia@gmail.com * 2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Professor Dr. Adjunto IV, Bolsista de Produtividade do CNPq Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM – Campus de Humaitá, e-mail: mcesarsolos@gmail.com; 3 Mestre em Agronomia Tropical. Docente do Instituto Federal de Ciência, Inovação e Tecnologia do Amazonas-IFAM, leandro_alho@yahoo.com 4 Academico de Engenheira Agrônoma da Universidade Federal do AmazonasUFAM, felipec.weckner@gmail.com 5 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Mestrando pelo Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE – Recife, e-mail: brunomantovanelli21@gmail.com. 6 Bacharel em Física, Professor Doutorando do Programa de Pós Graduação em Física Ambiental Adjunto I Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM – Campus de Humaitá, e-mail: maujmc@gmail.com.