José Sandro Pereira da Silva

Block allograft for reconstruction of alveolar bone ridge in implantology: a systematic review.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the literature regarding clinical efficacy and predictability of block allograft for restoration of vertical and/or horizontal bone defects. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane databases about studies reporting the use of block allografts. The review included studies published in English from 1960 to 2011 and excluded single-case reports and articles that did not use block allograft stabilized by fixation screws. Results: The search revealed 567 articles, but only 14 were included, which were conducted in humans with a total of 194 patients treated with block allografts, totalizing 253 blocks. Conclusions: Although a high success rate has been reported for the bone allograft survival, this systematic review demonstrated low level of scientific evidence articles with short follow-up time and diversified methodology with difficult possibilities to compare their results.

Coupling analysis at the coupler and edge-coupled unilateral fin line

Computer programs are developed in FORTRAN 77 and Matlab for Windows languages, given the results in 3-D of the dispersion and of the coupling, as functions of the frequency, conductivity and permittivity for the unilateral fin lines coupler asymmetric in E-plane, on semiconductor substrate. The characteristic impedance and complex propagation constant, for the odd and even-modes excitation are obtained by Transverse Transmission Line method -- TTL. These programs are easily used in graduate and undergraduate courses with good efficiency.

Large solitary fibrous tumor of the oral cavity--report of a case.

The solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare soft tissue tumor with a substantially benign clinical behavior. The SFT of the oral cavity is a very uncommon entity. It is also of complicated diagnosis because of its extensive morphologic diversity and because of its similarity to many mesenchymal tumors. A 44-year-old man was referred for management of an asymptomatic lesion in the left buccal mucosa, which had been identified 10 years earlier. Intra-oral examination revealed a well-demarcated, fibroelastic, rounded exophytic mass located in the left buccal mucosa. The mass was covered with a non-ulcerated mucosa of normal color and measured approximately 4.0 cm in diameter. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of spindle-shaped cells arranged in fascicles and in a patternless pattern, highly vascularized, with focal staghorn vessels. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed diffuse positivity for CD34 and focal positivity for Bcl-2. Awareness of the morphological diversity of SFT coupled to a judicious use of appropriate immunohistochemical probes should prove valuable to accurately segregate SFT from other spindle cell neoplasms.

Infected orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a rare cause of facial cellulitis

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOCs) are relatively uncommon developmental cysts lined with orthokeratinized epithelium consisting of a prominent granular layer and a basal layer of low cuboidal flattened cells that show no tendency for nuclear palisading. These cysts have been considered a distinct entity from odontogenic keratocysts since they exhibit a less aggressive behavior and a very low rate of recurrence. Developmental odontogenic cysts can become infected but serious complications, such as potentially life-threatening cellulitis, are rare. This report describes a rare case of facial cellulitis secondary to an infected OOC located in the mandible of a 27-year-old man. The relevant literature about the clinical-pathological features of OOC is reviewed.

Clinical and histopathological evaluation and habits associated with the onset of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia

Objective:This research aims to establish the prevalence, factors associated with the onset, and clinical and histopathological features of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia, so that these data can contribute to the prevention of these lesions and, consequently, of oral cancer.Material and method:A retrospective study was conducted at a reference service of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) from 2000 to 2012. To verify the association of variables, Pearsons chi-squared test and Fishers exact test (p ≤ 0.05) were used.Results:Among 6,560 investigated records, 54 cases were selected, of which 44.4% were male and 55.6% female, with mean age of 56.93 years. Regarding habits, 72.2% were smokers and 25% were alcohol users; 17.9% showed association of both habits. Oral leukoplakia lesions were the most prevalent (0.65%) and oral erythroplakia showed greater association with malignancy in the histopathological presentation (p = 0.001). Most lesions showed no symptoms (p = 0.004). The most frequent was oral leukoplakia in smoking women, with mean age of 57 years.Conclusion:Knowledge of associated factors and clinical characteristics of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment.

An evaluation of the efficacy of local hemostatic measures in dental patients taking oral anticoagulants: a critical review of the literature over the past two decades.

The increased risk of bleeding observed in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) undergoing outpatient oral surgical procedures has been reported in the literature and remains a major concern in the care of these patients. This is still of great concern to dental surgeons that discontinuing OAT medication increases the risk of thromboembolism, while maintaining the therapeutic dose increases the risk of hemorrhage. Several local hemostatic measures have been used to control bleeding in patients on OAT. However, the effectiveness of these measures has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of local hemostatic measures in patients taking oral anticoagulants. Various databases were searched using the key terms. Selection criteria included publications in English, Spanish, or Portuguese within the last 20 years. The titles and abstracts of papers were initially screened, and reports of 18 clinical trials were selected for a critical review and scored according to CONSORT 2010 guidelines. The data extracted from these trials represented 1821 patients receiving OAT, 4116 tooth extractions, and 144 cases of postoperative bleeding. In most studies, there were no differences in the effectiveness of various local hemostatic measures, and only tranexamic acid was proven effective as compared with a placebo group. The reported INR values varied widely among studies; the lowest INR value was 0.9 and the highest was 5.0. All local hemostatic methods showed low rates of bleeding; and when bleeding occurred, the use of these methods was essential for controlling postoperative bleeding. While local hemostatic measures appear to be effective in controlling postoperative bleeding, additional controlled randomized clinical trials are needed to assess the true effectiveness of these measures in patients taking OAT.

Simple and efficient design of reconfigurable FSS with triangular patch elements

This paper proposes a reconfigurable frequency selective surface (FSS) operating in the X band composed of triangular elements periodically placed on a single FR-4 dielectric layer. The reconfiguration of the proposed FSS allows a quasi-linear variation of the rejecting resonant frequency as function of the incident wave angle. The variation of the incident wave angle is provided by rotation of the FSS structure from 0° to 40°, for the TE mode, and can be used in cognitive radio technology through a micro-controlled interface.

Design of modified pythagorean fractal antenna for multiband application

This paper presents the design of a Pythagorean tree fractal patch antenna, where the squares made on the base of the conducting patch are scaled down by different factors. The antenna is designed to achieve multiband characteristics. The proposed antenna design is developed for the second iteration geometry. The antenna is simulated using Ansoft Designer software. A prototype is fabricated for comparison purpose. The prototype measurement results are found in good agreement with the simulated ones.

Cephalometric analysis: concordance between software

Objective To evaluate the agreement between cephalometric measures obtained from two different software programs: Dolphin Imaging 11.7® and Radiocef Studio 2®. Methods 30 digital lateral teleradiographies (200 dpi, 2100 x 2092 pixels) were analyzed on each of the software programs through demarcation of 11 cephalometric points by a single calibrated examiner. Then, the generated cephalometric magnitudes were statistically correlated by means of the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Then 10 randomly selected radiographies were retraced on each of the programs in order to evaluate the intra-examiner concordance after a time interval of 08 days. Results The SNB and Pog-NB magnitudes showed strong concordance between the software, while the SNA, ANB, 1-NA, 1-NB, 1.NB, 1.1 and Go-Gn. SN magnitudes unveiled moderate concordance. Only the 1.NA magnitude showed weak concordance. Conclusion The software can be interchangeably applied in clinical practice. Indexing terms: Cephalometry. Orthodontics. Software.

Low-level laser therapy (780 nm) combined with collagen sponge scaffold promotes repair of rat cranial critical-size defects and increases TGF-β, FGF-2, OPG/RANK and osteocalcin expression

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagen sponge scaffold (CSS) implantation associated with low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on repairing bone defects. A single 5‐mm cranial defect was surgically created in forty Wistar rats, which then received one of the following four interventions (n = 10 per group): no treatment (G0); bone defect implanted with collagen sponge scaffold (CSS) alone (G1); defect treated with low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) (wavelength 780 nm; total energy density 120 J/cm2; power 50 mW) alone (G2); and CSS associated with LLLT treatment (G3). After surgery, animals in each group were euthanized at 21 days and 30 days (n = 5 per euthanasia time group). Bone formation was monitored by X‐ray imaging analysis. Biopsies were collected and processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor ƙ (RANK). Osteocalcin (OCN) was detected by immunofluorescence analysis. Compared to the G0 group, defects in the 30‐day G3 group exhibited increased bone formation, both by increase in radiopaque areas (P < 0.01) and by histomorphometric analysis (P < 0.001). The histopathological analysis showed a decreased number of inflammatory cells (P < 0.001). The combined CCS + LLLT (G3) treatment also resulted in the most intense immunostaining for OPG, RANK, FGF‐2 and TGF‐β, and the most intense and diffuse OCN immunofluorescent labelling at 30 days postsurgery (G3 vs. G0 group, P < 0.05). Therefore, the use of CCS associated with LLLT could offer a synergistic advantage in improving the healing of bone fractures.