Josef Čáslavský

The use of mosses and pine needles to detect persistent organic pollutants at local and regional scales.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in mosses (Hypnum cupressiforme) and pine needles (Pinus sylvestris) collected in the Czech Republic between 1988-94 at a regional background site in Kosetice, south Bohemia (1988-94) and two industrial sources. One industrial site (sampled 1989-91) in middle Moravia, was near a factory producing PAHs, carbon black and phthalates, the other (sampled 1991-93) near a coal and gas fuel production plant in western Bohemia. Selected chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were also analysed in samples at the regional background site. This study clearly shows that vegetation sampling can be used to show spatial differences in the atmospheric burden of a range of persistent organic pollutants with differences in the mixtures of compounds reflecting differences in their regional or local use/atmospheric emission.

Comparison of extraction methods for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon determination in sediments

Different sample preparation methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in lake and river sediments were compared and evaluated. Freeze‐dried sediment materials were e...

Project TOCOEN. The fate of selected organic pollutants in the environment I. Introduction

Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic COmpounds in the ENvironment) is a new nontraditional research project of the Department of Environmental Studies, Purkyne University, Brno, Czechoslovakia and many other Czechoslovak research institutes and factories. The aim of this Project is understanding the fate of selected organic pollutants (PAHs, chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs) in all parts of the environment, and modelling the fate of these compounds in the environment.

Project TOCOEN ‐ the fate of selected organic pollutants in the environment. Part XXII.‐the contents of PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/Fs in soil from surroundings of brno municipal waste incinerator

The Brno municipal waste incinerator (MWI), a Project TOCOEN model source of PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/Fs was observed and the soil contamination in its surroundings was determined. The total observed concentrations of PAHs, PCBs PCDDs/Fs were found in the ranges of 369.2 to 5,077.9 ng•g‐1, 2.0 to 111 ng•g‐1, and 0.018 to 0.140 pg•g‐1 TEQ, respectively.

Project Tocoen: The fate of selected organic pollutants in the environment part xxiv. The content of PCBs and PCDDs/Fs in high‐mountain soils

The six high‐mountain soil samples (more than 1,100 m above sea level) from National Park Krkonose (North Bohemia, Czech‐Polish border) were analyzed for contents of PCBs, non‐ortho and mono‐ortho PCBs and PCDDs/Fs. The content of PCBs ranged between 31 and 137 ng.g‐1 dry soil. PCB 77 was predominant coplanar PCBs. The contents of PCDDs/Fs ranged between 17 and 29 pg.g‐1 1‐TEQ of PCDDs/Fs and were between 20.1 and 41.2 pg.g‐1 T‐TEQ of PCDDs/Fs and coplanar PCBs. The contents of PCDFs were significantly higher than those of PCDDs. The predominant congeners were OCDF and OCDD. The contribution of non‐ortho and mono‐ortho PCBs to the total 1‐TEQ ranged between 9.3 and 49.3%.

Project Tocoen. The fate of selected organic compounds in the environment—part V. the model source of Pahs. Preliminary study

The possible negative effluents of model source of PAHs on the environment were observed. The model source of PAHs was Urx Chemical Factory, Valasske Mezifici, Czechoslovakia, who produced aromatic compounds from benzene to phenanthrene and some of their derivatives and carbon black.

Project tocoen. The fate of selected organic pollutants in the environment—iv. soil, earthworms and vegetation 1988

The samples of soils, earthworms and vegetation (needles, lichens, mosses) were collected for the realization of Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic Compounds in the ENvironment). The samples were collected from three TOCOEN model areas in Czechoslovakia—one city and two rural areas. The samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides (C1‐PEST) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Project TOCOEN. The fate of selected organic pollutants in the environment III. Water and sediments 1988

Surface waters and bottom sediments were sampled for realization of Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic Compounds in the ENvironment). The samples were collected from three TOCOEN model areas in Czechoslovakia—one city and two rural areas. The samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides (Cl‐PEST) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Project Tocoen. Fate of Selected Organic Compounds in the Environment. Part XXVII. Main Sources, Emission Factors and Input of PAHs in Czech Republic

Abstract An overview of sources of PAHs in the Czech Republic and that of the values of emission factors and annual emissions are given. Residential heating, coal fired stations, and production of PAHs, carbon black, and coke were identified as the major sources of PAHs in Czech Republic. The total annual emission of 16 PAHs suggested by US EPA was assessed at 700 to 735 tons per annum.

Project TOCOEN. The fate of selected organic pollutants in the environment II. Air and rainwater 1988

The samples of ambient air and rainwater were collected for the realization of Project TOCOEN (Toxic Organic Compounds in the ENvironment). Low‐ and high‐volume samples of ambient air were collected with polyurethane foam (PUF), rainwater samples were collected in aluminium vessels. The samples were collected from three TOCOEN model areas in Czechoslovakia—one city and two rural areas. The samples were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated pesticides (Cl‐PEST) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).