Joseph Colla

Correlation between Subclinical Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Profiles in an Urban Emergency Department Population with Elevated Blood Pressures: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND Uncontrolled hypertension is a primary risk factor for development of cardiovascular complications. OBJECTIVE Determine the point prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction in an urban emergency department (ED) population with elevated blood pressures (BP) and examine correlations between subclinical disease and patient cardiovascular risk profiles. METHODS A convenience sample of patients with EBP (>140/90 on two measurements) had limited bedside echocardiograms (LBE). Subclinical hypertensive heart disease was classified as the presence of: LVH, abnormal ejection fraction (EF), or diastolic dysfunction. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients with EBP were enrolled. The mean age was 46 years (SD = 10.9), 59% were women, 21% were smokers, and 92% had a history of hypertension. The average body mass index was 30.7 (SD = 8.7). Patients were 67% African American, 23% Latino, 5% Caucasian, 3% Asian, and 3% Native American. Subclinical disease was found in 39%: 31% had LVH, 15% had diastolic dysfunction, and 8% had abnormal EF. On bivariate analysis, elevated BP (p = 0.039) and blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.016) were correlated with subclinical heart disease. After adjusting for other covariates, receiving oral/intravenous antihypertensive medications in the ED (p = 0.005) was associated with subclinical heart disease. CONCLUSIONS We found a point prevalence of subclinical heart disease of 39% in this urban ED population, using LBE. Real-time identification of subclinical heart disease at early stages in the ED in conjunction with abnormal renal function can help emergency physicians identify those patients in need of more aggressive therapy and urgent follow-up.

A hypertension emergency department intervention aimed at decreasing disparities: Design of a randomized clinical trial

Effective interventions to identify and treat uncontrolled hypertension (HTN), particularly in underrepresented populations that use the emergency department (ED) for primary care, are critically needed. Uncontrolled HTN contributes significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is more frequently encountered among patients presenting to the ED as compared to the primary care setting. EDs serve as the point of entry into the health care system for high-risk patient populations, including minority and low-income patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of uncontrolled/undiagnosed HTN in patients presenting to the ED is alarmingly high. Thus ED engagement and early risk assessment/stratification is a feasible innovation to help close health disparity gaps in HTN. A Hypertension Emergency Department Intervention Aimed at Decreasing Disparities (AHEAD2) trial, funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is a three-arm single site randomized clinical pilot trial of adults presenting to the ED with Stage 2 hypertension (blood pressure [BP]>160/100) comparing (1) an ED-initiated Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT) focused on HTN, (2) the same ED-initiated SBIRT coupled with a Post-Acute Care Hypertension Transition Consultation by ED Clinical Pharmacists, and (3) usual care. The primary outcome is mean BP differences between study arms. Secondary outcomes are proportion of participants with BP control (BP<140/90mmHg), and improvements in HTN knowledge and medication adherence scores between study arms. The objective of this report is to describe the development of the AHEAD2 trial, including the methods, research infrastructure, and other features of the randomized clinical trial design.

Point-of-care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Acute Sialolithiasis with Sialadenitis

CASE PRESENTATION A 63-year-old female with a past medical history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes, and arthritis presented with right-sided jaw swelling for one day, radiating to the right ear, associated with some odynophagia. Vital signs were a tympanic temperature of 37.0 degrees Celsius, pulse rate of 91 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure 131/84 mmHg, saturating 96% on room air. Exam was significant for right submandibular swelling (Image 1) and mild tenderness and edema to the right posterior neck along the sternocleidomastoid. The physician performed a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) (Image 2) and subsequently ordered computed tomography (CT) (Image 3) to confirm the diagnosis. University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois