Joseph T. King

Single Versus Multiple Gage Occupancy and Convulsion Frequency in C3H Mice.

Conclusions C3H male mice, singly housed and fed ordinary diets, show a high incidence of convulsions, associated chiefly with cage changing and weighing. When housed in pairs or larger groups the incidence of convulsions is low and the mortality negligible.

Induction of Necrosis in Mouse Mammary Carcinoma by Cortisone.

Conclusions In mice bearing spontaneous and transplanted mammary carcinoma it is possible by treatment with cortisone to induce a high frequency of massive necrosis with or without hemorrhage in the tumors. Cortisone administration in necrotizing doses is also followed by inflammatory lesions in lungs, liver and kidneys, which are usually fatal. Terramycin treatment before and during cortisone administration resulted in an abolition of the above-mentioned generalized reactions. It has not been possible with cortisone alone or with terramycin to obtain complete tumor destruction. It is pointed out that cortisone necrotizing treatment in conjunction with some other agent having differential damaging effects upon tumor .and host respectively, may yield better results.

Relationship between vitamin E and dietary minerals in mouse paralysis.

Summary 1. Typical symptoms of “paralysis” occur in C3H male mice when wheat germ oil is removed from the diet made with a modified Osborne-Mendel salt mixture but not when the diet is made with a modified Jones-Foster mixture. 2. The same symptoms develop when ferric iron is replaced by ferrous iron in the modified Osborne-Mendel mixture even though wheat germ oil is present in the diet. 3. Although the observed “paralysis” is apparently identical with that seen by several investigators in other species of mammal in association with vitamin E deficiency, the fact that the mineral content of the diet determines the character of the manifestations of such vitamin deficiency raises questions concerning the mechanism of the effects which are still unanswered.

Effect of Dietary Factors on Incidence of “Spontaneous” and Induced Convulsions in C3H Male Mice.∗

Summary 1. The incidence of “spontaneous” convulsions and of convulsive deaths in C3H male mice is greatly reduced by caloric restriction or by supplement of vit. B12 in the diet fed ad libitum. Substitution of hydrogenated vegetable fat for lard decreased the age of onset of convulsions and increased the incidence of convulsive deaths. 2. Studies with auditory and electric stimulation appear to confirm the existence of a difference between the effect of HVF and of lard.

The Correlation Between Roentgen Dosage and Lymphoid Cell Migration in Tissue Cultures

Cultures of fibroblasts have been used by Strangeways and Oakley (1923), Strangeways and Hop wood (1926), Canti and Donaldson (1926), Canti and Spear (1927), Laser and Halberstaedter (1929), Canti (1929), Spear (1931, 1932), Cox (1931), Faber (1935), Lasnitzki and Lea (1940), and others, to study the effects of radiation. Inhibition of growth rate and the rate of mitosis have been taken by these investigators as an index of the effects of radiation. Stenstrom and King (1934, 1937) and King and Stenstrom (1937) have used the migration of lymphocytes from mammalian lymph nodes in vitro to determine the effects of spaced dosage of x-rays and to test the Bunsen-Roscoe law for roentgen rays. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the effects of a wide range of x-ray dosages on the activity of lymphoid cells in vitro. For this study, fragments of adult rabbit mesenteric lymph nodes were employed exclusively. The lymph node for each series of cultures was taken from the same animal from which the ...

Bacteriostatic Effect of Paranitrobenzoic Acid on Pneumococci in Vitro.

Summary Paranitrobenzoic acid and the salt compare favorably with sulfathiazol in their bacteriostatic power against Type II pneumococci in vitro.

Influence of Prontosil-soluble on Beta Hemolytic Streptococci Growing in Tissue Culture Media.

Conclusion Beta hemolytic streptococci growing in tissue-culture media containing Prontosil-soluble, 1:1000, produce hemolysin. The amount available for erythrocytic destruction is moderately reduced as compared with controls. This effect is not secondary to bacteriostasis.

Influence of Cultured Tissue Fragments on Sulfanilamide-Inhibition of Beta Streptococci.∗

Summary In tissue-cultures, the characteristic effects of sulfanilamide on beta hemolytic streptococci are markedly inhibited by the products of tissue-breakdown.

Development of spontaneous hepatoma in mice in relation to composition of dietary fat.

Summary Five fractions of hydrogenated vegetable fat (commercial crisco) have been prepared by crystallization from ether at +15, +5, −5, and −15°C. When incorporated in the standard diet at equivalent levels, fractions of low melting point, presumably containing largely unsaturated and shorter-chain fatty acids as well as unsaponi-nable matter; are found to give rise to a high proportion of hepatomas in C3H male mice, while fractions of high melting point give rise to but a few. The magnitude of the observed-difference in incidence (p<.001) is believed sufficient to justify further studies on the nature of the responsible factors.

Tumor-bearing Chicks Hatched from Eggs Inoculated with Mouse Carcinoma.∗

Taylor, McAfee, and Taylor 1 state that chicks may hatch from eggs inoculated into the yolk with mouse mammary carcinoma. Using a slightly modified Taylor technic, 2 , 3 fertile eggs were inoculated on the 5th day of incubation with minced, or pressed mammary carcinoma of strain A mice. All materials used came from tumors arising originally in this strain and having a variable number of transfers in the strain. Mouse transfers were done using sterile technic. Tumor-bearing mice were killed with ether and the skin sterilized with iodine. Separate instruments were used for skin dissection and manipulation of the tumor. Pressed tumors were forced through muslim supported by a drilled, bras plate. Minced tumors were cut with very sharp fine scissors without addition of fluid. In both cases Tyrode solution was then added to give a suspension of about the same density as that used by Taylor. The shell over the air sac was wetted with 70% alcohol and after drying was cut through with a round dental, burr, turned by a high speed electric hand tool, care being used not to cut through the shell membrane. The membrane was wetted with alcohol and allowed to dry. The membrane was then burned through with a hot, tapering probe large enough to fit tightly into the hole in the shell, thus sterilizing the shell against which the needle subsequently touches. The suspension was inoculated into the yolk using a tuberculin syringe and a No. 20 needle 11/4 inches in length. The amount of suspension injected varied from 0.1 to 0.6 cc. All procedures were carried out aseptically. The hole in the shell was sealed with vaseline-paraffin mixture. Eggs were incubated at 38°C.