Joshua P. Langston

Peyronie Disease: Plication or Grafting

Peyronie disease (PD) is an incurable, sexually debilitating disease resulting in penile deformity, coital failure, and significant psychological stress for patients and their partners. Appropriate treatment should be individualized and tailored to the patients goals and expectations, disease history, physical examination findings, and erectile function. After medical therapy is considered and the disease has stabilized, surgical correction, including tunical shortening or lengthening procedures, is an excellent option for patients with functional impairment caused by PD. Outcomes are satisfactory when proper treatment decisions are made, with the goal being expected return to normal sexual function following PD treatment.

Gender Differences in Compensation, Job Satisfaction and Other Practice Patterns in Urology

PURPOSE The proportion of women in urology has increased from less than 0.5% in 1981 to 10% today. Furthermore, 33% of students matching in urology are now female. In this analysis we characterize the female workforce in urology compared to that of men with regard to income, workload and job satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collaborated with the American Urological Association to survey its domestic membership of practicing urologists regarding socioeconomic, workforce and quality of life issues. A total of 6,511 survey invitations were sent via e-mail. The survey consisted of 26 questions and took approximately 13 minutes to complete. Linear regression models were used to evaluate bivariable and multivariable associations with job satisfaction and compensation. RESULTS A total of 848 responses (660 or 90% male, 73 or 10% female) were collected for a total response rate of 13%. On bivariable analysis female urologists were younger (p <0.0001), more likely to be fellowship trained (p=0.002), worked in academics (p=0.008), were less likely to be self-employed and worked fewer hours (p=0.03) compared to male urologists. On multivariable analysis female gender was a significant predictor of lower compensation (p=0.001) when controlling for work hours, call frequency, age, practice setting and type, fellowship training and advance practice provider employment. Adjusted salaries among female urologists were

Peyronie's disease: review and recent advances.

76,321 less than those of men. Gender was not a predictor of job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Female urologists are significantly less compensated compared to male urologists after adjusting for several factors likely contributing to compensation. There is no difference in job satisfaction between male and female urologists.

Economic Impact of Training and Career Decisions on Urological Surgery

Peyronies disease is an incurable, sexually debilitating fibrotic disease of the penis that results in penile curvature, coital failure, and significant psychological stress for patients and their partners. Appropriate treatment should be individualized and tailored to the patients goals and expectations, disease history, physical exam findings, and erectile function. While medical treatments exist, there is little evidence to support their use. High-quality data supporting more recent advances in injectable therapies, interferon α-2b and collagenase clostridium histolyticum, show great promise for their application. Once the disease has stabilized, surgical correction is also an excellent option for patients with significant Peyronies disease accompanied by functional impairment. Outcomes are satisfactory when proper treatment decisions are made, with the goal being expected return to normal sexual function following treatment.

Factors Related to Job Satisfaction in Urology

PURPOSE Medical students and residents make career decisions at a relatively young age that have significant implications for their future income. While most of them attempt to estimate the impact of these decisions, there has been little effort to use economic principles to illustrate the impact of certain variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS The economic concept of net present value was paired with available Medical Group Management Association and Association of American Medical Colleges income data to calculate the value of career earnings based on variations in the choice of specialty, an academic vs a private practice career path and fellowship choices for urology and other medical fields. RESULTS Across all specialties academic careers were associated with lower career earnings than private practice. However, among surgical specialties the lowest difference in value between these 2 paths was for urologists at only

Advanced Practice Providers in U.S. Urology: A National Survey of Demographics and Clinical Roles

334,898. Fellowship analysis showed that training in pediatric urology was costly in forgone attending salary and it also showed a lower future income than nonfellowship trained counterparts. An additional year of residency training (6 vs 5 years) caused a

The Expanding Role of Advanced Practice Providers in Urologic Procedural Care

201,500 decrease in the value of career earnings. CONCLUSIONS Choice of specialty has a dramatic impact on future earnings, as does the decision to pursue a fellowship or choose private vs academic practice. Additional years of training and forgone wages have a tremendous impact on monetary outcomes. There is also no guarantee that fellowship training will translate into a more financially valuable career. The differential in income between private practice and academics was lowest for urologists.

Complications of Penile Prosthesis Surgery

Introduction: There is little information on job satisfaction in the extant literature in urology. The purpose of this study is to examine 1) the current state of job satisfaction among urologists in the United States, and 2) the demographic and work place factors that have the greatest influence on satisfaction. Methods: We collaborated with AUA (American Urological Association) to query its domestic membership of practicing urologists regarding socioeconomic, work force and quality of life issues. A total of 848 responses were collected for a total response rate of 13%. Linear regression models were used to evaluate bivariable and multivariable associations with job satisfaction scores on a 1 to 5 scale. Results: Of providers 70% reported being satisfied, 63% reported that they would choose medicine again and 83% would choose urology again. Age and job satisfaction did not demonstrate a linear association on statistical analysis but rather a U‐shaped relationship. On bivariate analysis significant factors associated with higher job satisfaction included younger and older age, higher income (p = 0.047), fewer call days (p = 0.006), fellowship training (p = 0.006) and academic practice (overall p = 0.002). On multivariate analysis age (younger and older ages) and academic practice remained significant predictors of job satisfaction (p = 0.01) as did higher income (p = 0.038). Conclusions: The current study helps describe the current state of job satisfaction among American urologists and examined work place factors that influence satisfaction. Income, hours worked, academic practice and age each have a significant impact on job satisfaction for the practicing urologist. Keeping abreast of the drivers of job satisfaction is critical to ensure that urologists continue to care for patients, perform research, educate future physicians and provide service to their communities.

Penile Reconstructive Surgery Using Grafts

Introduction: Projections suggest a significant shortage of urologists coupled with an increasing burden of urological disease due to an aging population. To meet this need, urologists have increasingly partnered with advanced practice providers. However, to this point the advanced practice provider workforce has not been comprehensively evaluated. Understanding the impact of advanced practice providers on the urology workforce is essential to maximize collaborative care as we strive for value and quality in evolving delivery models. Methods: A 29‐item, web based survey was administered to advanced practice providers identified by the AUA (American Urological Association), UAPA (Urological Association of Physician Assistants) and SUNA (Society of Urologic Nurses and Associates), querying many aspects of their practice. Results: A total of 296 advanced practice providers completed the survey. Advanced practice nurses comprised 62% of respondents while physician assistants comprised the remaining 38%. More than two‐thirds of the respondents were female and median age was 46 years. Only 6% reported having participated in formal postgraduate urological training. Advanced practice providers were evenly divided between institutional and private practice settings, and overwhelmingly in urban or suburban environments. The majority of advanced practice providers practice in the ambulatory setting (74%) and characterize their practice as general urology (72%). Overall 81% reported performing procedures independently, with 63% performing some procedures considered to be of moderate or high complexity. Conclusions: Advanced practice providers are active in the provision of urological care in many roles, including complex procedures. Given future workforce needs, advanced practice providers will likely assume additional responsibilities. As roles shift we must ensure we have the necessary educational and training opportunities to equip this vital part of our workforce.

Deep Venous Thrombosis as a Complication of Reservoir Placement in Post‐Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Incontinence Prosthetic Surgery

OBJECTIVE To understand the role of Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) in urologic procedural care and its change over time. As the population ages and the urologic workforce struggles to meet patient access demands, the role of APPs in the provision of all aspects of urologic care is increasing. However, little is currently known about their role in procedural care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Commonly performed urologic procedures were linked to Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes from 1994 to 2012. National Medicare Part B beneficiary claims frequency was identified using Physician Supplier Procedure Summary Master Files. Trends were studied for APPs, urologists, and all other providers nationally across numerous procedures spanning complexity, acuity, and technical skill set requirements. RESULTS Between 1994 and 2012, annual Medicare claims for urologic procedures by APPs increased dramatically. Cystoscopy increased from 24 to 1820 (+7483%), transrectal prostate biopsy from 17 to 834 (+4806%), complex Foley catheter placement from 471 to 2929 (+522%), urodynamics testing from 41 to 9358 (+22,727%), and renal ultrasound from 18 to 4500 (+24,900%) CONCLUSION: We found dramatic growth in the provision of urologic procedural care by APPs over the past 2 decades. These data reinforce the known expansion of the APP role in urology and support the timeliness of ongoing collaborative multidisciplinary educational efforts to address unmet needs in education, training, and guideline formation to maximize access to urologic procedural services.