Josiane Palma Lima

Caracterização e avaliação de processos de seleção de resíduos sólidos urbanos por meio da técnica de mapeamento

The objective of this work was to present the application of the mapping technique for characterization and evaluation of procedures for selection of urban solid waste (USW) developed in an association of recyclable materials collectors. This work use qualitative methods through bibliographic research and case study. The gathering of data was performed by observation, interviews and questionnaire. Amongst the techniques available for the mapping, SIPOC, process map and flowchart map were used. The process mapping as a management tool made possible the visualization of the processes in different scales, the relationship between the activities and the flow crossing (transportation) in the deposits, one of the main bottlenecks of production.

Arc Routing Using a Geographic Information System: Application in Recyclable Materials Selective Collection

This study aims to utilize a Geographic Information System (GIS) as an arc routing tool (door-to-door model) for a recyclable materials selective collection program. The investigation uses real data from material gatherers association in the city of Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The research method is modeling and simulation. TransCAD 4.8 is used because it possesses an arc routing routine. Scenarios were simulated in which the most efficient routes were sought (shortest and fastest) in comparison with the associations real trajectories, which were collected in the field of study by means of a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. The results obtained, when compared to the current system, showed better performance (distance, time and volume of material). Thus, by using a GIS, it can be said the main logistics problems in the gatherers association are direct consequences of poor structuring.

Roteirização em arcos com um sistema de informações geográficas para transportes: aplicação em coleta de resíduos sólidos urbanos

O objetivo do trabalho e utilizar o Sistema de Informacoes Geograficas (SIG) como ferramenta para a roteirizacao do sistema de coleta residuos solidos urbanos (RSU). A partir da base de dados geograficos do sistema viario de Itajuba (MG), foram georeferenciadas os dados relativos a coleta de RSU da empresa responsavel por prestar o servico na cidade. De posse desses dados, foram simulados no SIG cenarios de roteirizacao nos setores de coleta, utilizando a rotina de roteirizacao em arcos do SIG. As simulacoes possibilitaram avaliar a qualidade das rotas atuais e possiveis cenarios de melhoria, visando a minimizacao da distância percorrida e, consequentemente, a reducao dos custos envolvidos. Os resultados gerais mostraram que a rotina de roteirizacao presente no SIG e adequada e oferece resultados de boa qualidade, desde que as variaveis mais sensiveis do problema (taxa de geracao de residuos e velocidade dos caminhoes) sejam obtidas com precisao.

Avaliação multicritério da acessibilidade de pessoas com mobilidade reduzida: um estudo na região central de Itajubá (MG)

Avaliar a acessibilidade de grupos especificos em um determinado espaco urbano passa por desafios, como verificar as normas tecnicas e legislacao vigente e considerar a opiniao dos individuos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho e avaliar a acessibilidade das pessoas com mobilidade reduzida, em relacao aos espacos de circulacao publica, utilizando um modelo multicriterio de avaliacao da acessibilidade. O objeto de estudo foi o deslocamento pedonal em calcadas, obstaculos, travessias e estacionamentos na regiao central da cidade de Itajuba, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Verificou-se que os julgamentos dos usuarios variam de acordo com o tipo de dificuldade de locomocao e com a disponibilidade de dispositivos e de meios de transportes. O estudo fornece subsidios para melhorias de propostas de mobilidade urbana com vistas ao desenvolvimento sustentavel, principalmente no que se refere a projetos adequados a um conceito mais abrangente que considere a experiencia humana na cidade e viabilize a participacao do usuario nos projetos para o coletivo.

URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT BY PROCESS MAPPING AND SIMULATION

Adequate management of urban solid waste (USW) is beneficial to the environment, cities and people who depend on the income generated from collecting this waste material to survive. Due to the level of complexity of these processes involved in recyclable USW sorting, management tools which enable systemic studies become valuable assets by evaluating the effects changes may cause on the organization. This paper presents a modeling study, which used process mapping and discrete event simulation, in which a USW collection process was evaluated. The study was conducted in conjunction with the USW trash gatherers association of Itajuba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The lack of standardized processes presented difficulties for developing the simulation model. To diminish this problem, three conceptual modelingtechniques were used (SIPOC, flowcharts and IDEF-SIM). Data were collected via observation, interviews and questionnaires. The validated conceptual model, obtained in this study, will be able to be used to better understand the process. Finally, the model was used to evaluate process improvement scenarios.

Using Discrete-Event Simulation in Urban Solid Waste Selection

Adequate management of urban solid waste (USW) is beneficial to the environment, cities and people who depend on the income generated from collecting this waste material to survive. Due to the level of complexity of these processes involved in recyclable USW sorting, management tools which enable systemic studies become valuable assets by evaluating the effects changes may cause on the organization. This paper presents a case study in which a USW collection process was evaluated using computational simulation. The study was conducted in conjunction with the USW trash gatherers association of Itajuba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected via observation, interviews and questionnaires. Computational simulation enabled the visualization of the flow of materials in the process, the bottleneck indication and the experiments to simulate scenarios in order to increase the association’s productivity.