Jossana Ceolin Cera

Estimativa da área de folhas de cultivares antigas e modernas de soja por método não destrutivo

The objective of this study was to determine an empirical mathematic model for estimating leaf area of different soybean cultivars from leaf dimensions, with emphasis to modern and currently used soybean cultivars used in Rio Grande do Sul. A field experiment conducted at Santa Maria during three growing seasons (2010/2011, 2012/2013 e 2013/2014) and 13 soybean cultivars (NS 4823 RR, BMX Energia RR, Igra RA 518 RR, BMX Turbo RR, NA 5909 RG, TMG 7161 RR Inox, TEC 5936IPRO, IAS 5, BMX Potencia RR, Fepagro 36 RR, BRS 246 RR, Bragg e CD 219 RR) was used. Twenty leaves of each cultivar were used for calibrating the model and another 50 leaves were used for testing the predictive capacity of the model as independent data. The model is based on the length (L) and the greatest width (W) of the central foliole of trifoliolate leaf. The relationship between leaf area and the linear dimensions of the central foliole was fitted to a linear model for each cultivar as well as to a generalized model for all cultivars. The predictive capacity of the equations was evaluated with the statistics root mean square error, BIAS, modified index of agreement and coefficient r. The results indicate that the non destructive method, based on linear dimensions of the central foliole is appropriate for estimating the area of individual leaves in soybean and that the general equation LA = 2,0185.(L.W) can be used for several modern soybean cultivars.

Contribuição das ramificações e a evolução do índice de área foliar em cultivares modernas de soja

The purposes of this study were to quantify the branches contribution and the leaf area index evolution in modern cultivars of soybean with different maturity groups, stem termination, sowing in different dates and producing regions of soybean in Rio Grande do Sul. Field experiments were conducted during the growing season 2013/2014 in Santa Maria, Julio de Castilhos and in three soybean crops on the municipalities of Restinga Seca, Tupancireta and Agua Santa. It were carried out analysis (occurrence date) of reproductive stages and determination total, maximum, of main stem and of branches of leaf area index in thirteen cultivars of soybean. The leaf area index on the branches contributes with about 31%, 12.3% and 11% of the total leaf area index on the determinate cultivars and with 20.2%, 11.8% and 9% of the total leaf area index on the indeterminate cultivars sowing in September, November and February, respectively, in Santa Maria. Most cultivars showed a reduction on total leaf area index, maximum, of main stem and of branches with the delay on planting date, independently of the maturity group and stem termination.

Desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja em função do grupo de maturação e tipo de crescimento em terras altas e terras baixas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja com diferentes grupos de maturacao e tipos de crescimento em terras altas e terras baixas no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram conduzidas nove epocas de semeadura em Santa Maria (ambiente de terras altas) e uma epoca de semeadura em Capao do Leao (ambiente de terras baixas) durante os anos agricolas 2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2012/2013, com 11 cultivares de soja. O delineamento experimental em todos os experimentos foi blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas. Foi quantificada a duracao, em oC dia, do ciclo de desenvolvimento, da fase vegetativa e reprodutiva, e do periodo entre a data que ocorreu o inicio do florescimento e o numero final de nos para todas as epocas e locais de semeadura. Houve reducao da duracao da fase reprodutiva, do ciclo total de desenvolvimento (exceto algumas cultivares semeadas em setembro), com o atraso da data de semeadura independentemente do grupo de maturacao e tipo de crescimento. As semeaduras de setembro, janeiro e fevereiro promovem uma reducao da fase vegetativa na maioria das cultivares quando comparadas com a epoca recomendada (novembro e dezembro). Cultivares indeterminadas apresentam um maior periodo de sobreposicao das fases vegetativa e reprodutiva do que as cultivares determinadas em todas as epocas e locais de cultivo. O desenvolvimento da soja e similar quando cultivada em terras altas e terras baixas.

VARIAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS NA PRECIPITAÇÃO NO SUL DO BRASIL NO CLIMA PRESENTE E FUTURO

Climate and its changes have been showing great prominence lately. In this way, it is important to analyze the precipitation trends for the understanding of the potential impacts that changes in climate may result in the society. This paper presents an analysis of the precipitation trend in Rio Grande do Sul, for three sets of data, with a comparison of the observed precipitation data and simulated data by RegCM3 Regional Model, as well as an analysis of the trend in a future climate scenario. This analysis was performed using different statistical tests, which calculated the of precipitation trends for the observed precipitation data, for the RegCM3 model data for the same period, 1982-2006, and for the 2070 to 2086 future climate modeled data. Evaluating the percentage of dry and wet events obtained from the observed data (PREC_LA), it was found that the modes in the synoptic band contribute greatly to dry events than to wet events. Yet in the intraseasonal band there is more contribution to the wet than to the dry events. The analyzed modes in the interannual band contribute equally to dry and wet events. However, when we observed the events in the simulated data (PREC_RE), the model failed to reproduce the observed results.

Mudanças climáticas e seus efeitos no rendimento de arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul

The objective of this work was to estimate the irrigated rice grain yield in the rice production regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in different sowing dates, in a future climatic scenario - the A1B scenario from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - and to determine possible changes in the current sowing calendar for irrigated rice in this scenario. The SimulArroz model was used, considering three maturity groups (early, middle, and late) and seven sowing dates (8/1, 9/1, 10/1, 11/1, 12/1, 1/1, and 1/2) for each year of the climatic scenario, in the six rice production regions of the state. Among the rice production regions, there is a variation in the effect of climate change on yield, in which the Fronteira Oeste region is less favored and the Zona Sul region more favored in the future scenario. The projected climate change has a positive effect on rice grain yield in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, mainly at the end of the 21st century, when the sowing period may be anticipated.

Dano por Granizo na Cultura da Soja em Condições de Lavoura: Um Estudo de Caso

The objective of this study was to quantify the damages caused by a hail event on a soybean farm. The hail event happened at Agua Santa County, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during the 2013/2014 growing season. Were conducted dry matter evaluations of leaf, petiolate, pod and leaf area index. Such measurements were obtained before and also after of the hail event occurred on 08/02/2014. By using satellite and radar images it was possible to identify the hail event intensity. The hail event damage on the soybean crop were reduction dry matter on leaf blade (0.13 Mg ha−1), on petiolate (0.01 Mg ha−1) and on pods (0.002 Mg ha−1), also were observed a decrease in leaf area index that varying from 7 to 34% and breaking off the growth apex in 32% of plants on the experiment. Therewith, the satellite and radar images can be a tool to help the extension on determination of hail damage on soybean farms.

Aspectos do perfil discente do Curso Técnico em Paisagismo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

The goal of this study was determinate same aspects of students profile of technical course in landscaping at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. To this end, it was applied a closed questionnaire for 16 and 24 students, respectively, from second and fourth semesters, of the course. It was verified that the age range is large, varying between 17 and 60 years old, with female predominance. About the schooling, majority of the students have only high school, with wish of continuous the studies and work in the landscaping area, possibly, by considering the course with great importance to their quality of life and society. The main motivation of the course is due a personal issues, and also, for the tradition and quality of the institution, reflecting the students satisfaction in relation to of technical course in landscaping. Key-words: professional education, vocational education, quality of live, socio-economic profile.

COMPARAÇÃO DA PRODUTIVIDADE DE SOJA OBSERVADA E SIMULADA PELO MODELO SOYSIM PARA SEIS MUNICÍPIOS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

A produtividade da cultura da soja foi simulada por um modelo ecofisiologico e comparada com dados de produtividade observada de seis municipios do Rio Grande do Sul – RS. As simulacoes foram realizadas atraves do modelo SoySim, com quatro datas de semeadura, tres grupos de maturacao e tres niveis tecnologicos distintos.