Joston Simão de Assis

Caracterização dos frutos de goiabeira e seleção de cultivares na Região do Submédio São Francisco

This study aimed to characterize fruits of guava and to select cultivars produced in the Submedio Sao Francisco Region. The fruits were produced in the Bebedouro Experimental Station, Embrapa Semi-Arido. They were harvested in the physiological maturity. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were white pulp genotypes (Alabama Safed, Lucknow 49, Banahas, White Selection of Florida and Selecao IPA B 38.1) and red pulp genotypes (Paluma, Patillo 2.1, Surubim, Red Selection of Florida and Selecao IPA B 14.3). They evaluated: weight, longitudinal diameter (DL), transverse diameter (DT), DL/DT ratio, peel and pulp thickness, total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA), TSS/TTA ratio, pH, total soluble sugars (TSA) and vitamin C. White pulp genotypes had the highest weights (over 145.0 g), except the Selecao IPA B 38.1. The lower DL/DT ratios were observed in Banahas (0.98) and Lucknow 49 (1.00), characterizing round fruits. Also, these cultivars had the largest thickness of the pulp. The highest values of TSS were observed in Paluma (10.4 oBrix) and Lucknow 49 (10.9 oBrix). ATT was low in most of the genotypes, except in Surubim and Selecao IPA B 14.3, and the pH values varied from 3.72 to 4.22. Most of white pulp genotypes had high AST content (5 at 7 %) and high vitamin C content (up to 200 mg of acid ascorbic/100 g).

Alterações físicas e químicas durante o desenvolvimento de mangas 'Tommy Atkins' no vale de São Francisco, Petrolina-PE

The objective of this study was to characterize the mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit growth, cv. Tommy Atkins, from anthesis to commercial harvest, identifying when the mango reaches the harvest maturity stage based on physical and physicochemical determinations. The fruits were harvested at 35, 49, 63, 70, 77, 84, 98 and 112 days after the anthesis (DAA), and the following determinations were made: longitudinal diameter, ventral diameter, transversal diameter, product of the diameters, fresh mass, dry mass, water content and percentage, Blush scale for skin color and soluble solids. This study indicated that mango cv. Tommy Atkins delayed 98 DAA to reach the maturity and the dry mass, among those studied, is the best growth indicator.

Nutritional balance and physiological disorders in mango 'Tommy Atkins'

With the objective of evaluating the effect of the nutritional balance on the incidence of physiological disorders in mango cv. Tommy Atkins, grown in Sao Francisco River Valley, a trial was carried out with fruits harvested at physiological ripening stage, classified as fruits without and with physiological disorder symptoms. From all of them, skin, flesh and pit were separated and dried in a stove at 65oC. This material was mineralized in order to determine N, K, Ca, Mg and B contents. Before dehydration, part of the flesh was taken for estimation of the total soluble solids (TSS) and total titrable acidity (TTA). The results allow to conclude that: high concentrations of Ca and Mg , as well as low ratios N/Ca and K/Ca, both in the flesh and in the skin, were efficient to prevent physiological disorders in mango fruits; the nutrient concentration in the skin may show better the condition of physiological disorders than the nutrient concentration in fruit flesh; and the TSS values and TSS/TTA ratio in fruits with symptoms were much higher than in fruits without symptoms, due to over ripening of flesh tissues.

Assessment on nutrient levels in the aerial biomass of irrigated guava in São Francisco Valley, Brazil

A aplicacao de fertilizantes em culturas perenes baseia-se na reposicao das quantidades de nutrientes removidas pelos frutos, mas a imobilizacao de nutrientes deve ser tambem considerada. Assim, foram determinadas as concentracoes de nutrientes nas folhas e nos frutos da goiabeira cv.Paluma, irrigada, em Petrolina-PE, bem como as quantidades de nutrientes removidas pelos frutos e pela poda de frutificacao do ciclo seguinte. Entre os macronutrientes, o N e o K foram os mais removidos pelos frutos, enquanto o Fe , o Zn e Mn apresentaram maiores valores entre os micronutrientes. No minimo, 60% das quantidades totais de N,P,K,Fe e B removidas pela poda estavam imobilizadas na folha e no fruto nao-comerciavel.

Influência de biofilmes de fécula de mandioca e amido de milho na qualidade pós-colheita de mangas 'Tommy Atkins'

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cassava starch and corn starch biofilm on the postharvest conservation of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangos. The fruits were selected, washed, disinfected and coated with cassava starch and corn starch biofilm in the concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%, and stored for 21 days at 12 ± 0.6oC and 86 RH, plus an additional period of 7 days at 21 ± 2oC and 67% RH. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by mass loss, maturation index, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content, titratable acidity and pH. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in 7x4 factorial scheme (treatments x storage periods), with four replications. The results indicate that the use of cassava starch at 2% and corn starch biofilms at 4% reduced the mass loss, maintained the firmness, improved the visual aspects and prolong the storage period without decreasing the fruits quality.

QUALIDADE DOS FRUTOS DE MACIEIRAS IRRIGADAS NO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO

The great solar radiation in the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with an adequate irrigation management, favors fruit production and quality of crops that were adapted to this region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of two apple cultivars grown in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley under different irrigation water depths. A complete randomized block experimental design in a split-plot arrangement with five replications was used. The plots consisted of four irrigation water depths (ID) (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration ETo), the subplots consisted of two apple cultivars (C) (Julieta and Princesa) and the sub-subplots consisted of fruit positions in the tree canopies (FP) (east and west sides). The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pulp firmness (PF) and fresh weight (FW) of the fruits were evaluated. The factors evaluated showed no triple interaction between the evaluated factors, however, the SS and TA were significantly affected by them; the interaction between ID and C significantly affected the PF; the interaction between ID and FP significantly affected the PF, SS/TA ratio and FW; and the interaction between C and FP significantly affected the SS/TA ratio. The increase in water depth increased the fruit size of both cultivars, without compromising the post-harvest quality. The cultivar Princesa presented the best results regarding SS, TA, PF and FW, however, both cultivars had organoleptic characteristics within the recommended standards for commercialization. The fruits harvested on the west side presented better post-harvest quality.