József Horváth

Natural weed hosts of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in Hungary

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the Tospovirus genus. It was first described on tomato plants in Australia (Brittlebank 1919). During the past century the virus became distributed throughout all over the world. In Europe, TSWV was found first in England by Smith (1932). Nagy and Ligeti (1972) found it in tobacco plants in Hungary. TSWV causes, severe yield losses in tobacco, pepper, tomato and potato production in Hungary (Gaborj&nyi et al. 1993, 1995, 2002, Horv&th et al. 2001). TSWV is transmitted by thrips vectors (e.g. Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci) in a circulative manner (Jenser ds Tasnadi 1989). TSWV has more than 1000 natural and experimental host plant species (Parrella et al. 2003). Infected weeds that are hosts of the thrips vectors also, in vegetable-growing regions play an important role in the epidemiology of the virus. Under our climate, TSWV can overwinter in infected thrips vectors and virusreservoir weeds (Jenser 1995). TSWV has become one of the most important virus pathogen in vegetable production on the southern part of Hungary, because of widespreading of virus vector (F. occidentalis) and virus reservoir weed species.

Virus infection of ornamental plants in Hungary

Recently the economic importance of the ornamental plant production has shown remarkable growth. Following the countrys joint to the EU increased competition has become characteristic of the Hungarian market. More than 20 viruses have been isolated in the various vegetatively propagated Petunia species and varieties [Richert (1992), Lesemann and Dalchow (1995), Bellardi et al. (1996), Mavric et al. (1996) Salamon (1996), Richert-POggeler and Shepherd (1997), Feldhof et al. (1998), Boonham et al. (1999), Alexandre et al. (2000)]. Metelik et al. (1994, 1996), Mokrd and Gfitzovd (1994), Lesemann and Winter (2002) as well as Pham et al., (2002) examined the health condition of Zanthedeschia aetiopica and other Zanthedeschia species. The presence of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Konjac mosaic virus (KoMV) and Tomato spotted wilt vims (TSVW) were detected. Hosta virus X (HVX) and Impatiens necrotic spot vims (INSV) were isolated in the examined Hosta species (Lockhart 2002). Lockhart et al. (2002) verified the presence of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in Heuchera samples and that of Alfalfa mosaic vims (AIMV) in Pulmonaria species. The goal of our work was to make a virological survey of herbaceous ornamental plants in Hungary.

Early competition between tomato and Convolvulus arvensis in additive experiment

Introduction Weeds can successfully compete with the cultivated plants, causing considerable reduction in crop quantity and quality. The majority of competition studies between crops and weeds are based on addititve experiments. In these studies two species (crop and weed) are grown together. The density of the crop is maintained constant, while that of the weeds is varied (Varga et al. 2006). Tomato is one of the most important vegetable in Hungary both under cover and field conditions. Basic criteria for tomato production is that fields must be kept free from different pests, pathogens and weeds, with special regards to dicot weeds, because except mechanical weed control no convenient technology is available against them in tomato cultures. When no suitable area is chosen for tomato production or the weed control of the forecrop does not manage, field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) can cause problems (Hunyadi et al. 2000). C. arvensis is a vining perennial plant with adventitious buds on its root system, reproducing both vegetatively and to a lesser extent by seeds (Weaver – Riley 1982). The aim of our work was to investigate the effect of different weed density of C. arvensis seedlings on the early development of tomato.

Evaluation of the N-fertilization of winter wheat based on the N MIN -method in farm practice

Introduction Among the major nutrients (NPK) nitrogen is most often the limiting element of crop production. On the other hand, in the case of overdosage, nitrogen can be harmful to the environment (especially for the quality of surfaceand groundwater). Most arable crops depend on nitrate-N as a main nitrogen source. In the mid-1970s the principles of an uniform fertilizer recommendation system were worked out with the necessary institutional and laboratory background. This procedure included soil sampling on the farm fields every third year, respectively (all fields which were bigger than 6 hectares were involved in the program), and giving fertilizer advice for each field (Baranyai et al., 1987). The system worked up to the end of the 1980s when political and economical changes occurred in the country. From the agricultural point of view several changes had happened: reprivatization of land, elimination of the former state subsidies, lack of capital and loan, etc. For the determination of the

Epidemyology of tomato pathogen viruses in Hungary

Introduction Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is an important crop on the basis of its high consumption, nutritional and cash value in temperate and tropical countries. Tomato crop production is over 4 million ha and about 110 million tonne on the world. The largest producers are in Asia because the half of the cultivation area and also the production are in these countries. In the European countries tomato is produced mainly under greenhouse. The gene centres is in the regions of the Andes in Peru, Ecuador and Chile. The cultivated tomato is a member of the Lycopersicon genus in the Solanaceae family. After the molecular characterization of Lycopersicon genus were transferred to Solanum (Marshall et al. 2001). Wild Lycopersicon species can be used in resistance breeding (Alexander and Hoover 1955). Six members (L. pimpinellifolium, L. chesmanii, L. parviflorum, L. chmielewski, L. hirsutum and L. penelii) from the Lycopersicon genus could relatively easily cross with cultivated tomato. This species could be use as sources of insect and disease resistance (Rick 1979; Taylor 1986; Tigchelar 1986; Kegler and Friedt 1993). There are about forty different viruses species are infecting Solanaceous vegetable crops, or potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Among them Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and other different Tobamoviruses (e.g. Tobacco mosaic virus) can cause severe yield losses. Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is a recently emerged viral pathogen in Hungary. It was first reported from pepino (Solanum muricatum) plants from Peru (Jones 1980). The PepMV has several hosts in different plant families (e.g. Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae). The virus is easily mechanically transmitted. PepMV transmitted by workers touching infected plants, and can also transmit by contact between plants. Maybe it is carried in tomato seeds and potentially can also transmit by Bombus bees. The rapid spread of PepMV was reported from European tomato cultivars in the last years (Verhoven et al. 2003). In Hungary PepMV was found first in 2004 from a glasshouse between the area Danube and Tisza Rivers (Forray et al. 2004).

Az amalgerol talaj-és növénykondicionáló preparátum hatása nagy sótartalmú talajon, monokultúrás paprikahajtatásban

A hajtatas soran a tulzott műtragya-hasznalat problemakat okozhat. Celul tűz-tuk ki az Amalgerol talaj- es novenykondicionalo preparatum hatasanak feltarasat nagy sotartalmu talajon paprikahajtatasban. A preparatumot in vivo (termesztesi), valamint in vitro (laboratoriumi) korulmenyek kozott vizsgaltuk harom even keresz-tul (2011–2013). Laboratoriumi korulmenyek kozott a talaj kemhatasat, tovabba, a tapanyag, humusz-, kalcium-karbonat-, so-, valamint natriumtartalmat vizsgaltuk. Termesztesi korulmenyek kozott a novenyekre gyakorolt hatast ertekeltuk mono-kulturaban. A kisparcellas kiserlethez ket kezelest (kezelt, ill. kezeletlen kontroll) allitottunk be. A preparatumos kezelesek hatasara szignifikansan novekedett a talaj foszfortar-talma, azonban a keszitmeny nem novelte a talaj kalium-, magnezium-, ken- es kalciumtartalmat. A termek hasznalata feltetelezhetően noveli a talaj mikroelem valamint humusztartalmat. Feltetelezeseink szerint a preparatum pozitiv hatast gya-korol a talaj mikroflorajara, ennek k...