Ju-Sung Kim

Optimum level of dietary monocalcium phosphate based on growth and phosphorus excretion of mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio

Abstract Triplicate groups of mirror carp were reared with experimental diets containing practical ingredients with graded levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) for 8 weeks. Seventy carp weighing 18 g fish −1 were allotted in each tank of 130 l maintained at 26–28°C. Fish were fed 3 times daily to apparent satiety by hand. The lowest growth was observed in fish fed the basal diet without MCP, in which the available phosphorus (P) was determined to be 0.24%. Fish fed the diet containing 2% of MCP (available P of 0.67%) showed the best performance in weight gain (44 g), feed conversion ratio (1.02) and protein efficiency ratio (2.33). P gain (0.15 g fish −1 ) was constantly maintained regardless of difference in P intake. The best results in terms of P loss (13 g kg −1 gain) and P retention efficiency (23.4%) were observed in fish fed the diet containing 1% MCP (available P of 0.42%), which were, however, not different ( P >0.05) from those of fish fed the diet containing 2% MCP. On the other hand, fish fed the latter diet excreted the least nitrogen (44 g kg −1 gain) and showed the highest nitrogen retention efficiency (35.6%). The present results indicate that a dietary level of 0.7% available P will provide for both maximal growth and minimum P loss in juvenile carp.

Inhibitory Effects of BiRyuChe-Bang on Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Reactions and Inflammatory Cytokines Production

BiRyuChe-bang (BRC) is a Korean prescription medicine, which has been used to treat allergic rhinitis at Kyung Hee Medical Center. In this work, we investigated the effects of BRC on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions and inflammatory cytokines production, and identified the active component of BRC. Histamine release was measured from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). Ear swelling and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) were examined in mouse models. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187-induced inflammatory cytokines production was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used for the expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB was analyzed by Western blotting. BRC significantly inhibited the compound 48/80-induced ear swelling response, histamine release from RPMCs, PCA activated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE, and PMA plus A23187-induced inflammatory cytokines production (p < 0.05). In addition, BRC dose-dependently inhibited the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as the activation of NF-κB in a human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. BRC inhibited the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in mice induced with PCA. Several components of BRC, such as 1,8-Cineole, Linalool, Linalyl acetate, α-Pinene, and α-Terpineol, significantly inhibited the release of histamine from RPMCs (p < 0.05). Among these components, Linalyl acetate was the most effective for inhibiting histamine release. These results indicate that BRC has a potential regulatory effect on allergic and inflammatory reactions mediated by mast cells.

Determination of antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and luteolin contents of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat extracts

Antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities as well as luteolin contents were analysed in extracts of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (CM), which is a traditional medicinal plant and an important oriental herbal medicine for the treatment of eye diseases in China and Japan. In this study, the results show that the maximum solvent extract yield (35.5%) and luteolin concentration (1.34 �g/ml) were achieved in methanol extract. In addition, 60% methanol extracts of CM exhibited high scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical as well as significant reducing power. They also possessed a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the total phenolic content was 0.37 mg GAE/g. The total phenolic content of 60% methanol extract may have been the cause of its strong antioxidant ability. These results provide scientific support that the food industry could benefit from using extract containing this constituent.

Dokhwaljihwang-tang inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Abstract Objectives: Dokhwaljihwang-tang, one of the prescriptions in Four Constitution medicine, has been used to treat neurological disorders. This work was aimed to examine the effect of Dokhwaljihwang-tang on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the lesser yang subjects. Methods: The inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 4 and tumor necrosis factor were measured using the ELISA. The interleukin 1 beta mRNA expression was evaluated with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of nuclear factor kappa B was examined by western blotting. Results: Dokhwaljihwang-tang significantly inhibited interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 4 production (p<0.05). When Dokhwaljihwang-tang was pre-treated at the dose of 1 mg/ml, it not only decreased the interleukin 1 beta mRNA expression, but also inhibited the activation of nuclear factor kappa B. Discussion: These results suggest the potential of Dokhwaljihwang-tang as a source of pharmaceutical acupuncture for neuronal inflammatory diseases.

Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts from Impatiens textori Miq

Impatiens textori Miq is an annual plant used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat superficial infections and fingernail inflammation. In the present study, methanol extract and fractions of I. textori Miq were investigated for their antioxidant properties, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and antiproliferative activities against human gastric (AGS), human cervical (HeLa), human non-small lung (A549), and human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cancer cell lines. Results showed that the ethylacetate fraction had high total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of 141.39 ± 1.54 mg GAE/g and 125.93 ± 7.60 mg QE/g, respectively, high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 9.80 ± 0.08 μg/ml, and significant reducing power among all the extracts and fractions, suggesting that I. textori Miq is an exceptional source of natural antioxidants. In addition, the ethyl-acetate fraction possessed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The antiproliferative activity of the ethyl-acetate fraction was higher than that of the methanol extract and others fractions. These findings suggest the potential use of this plant as an antitumor agent.

Analysis of food components of freeze-dried Alaska Pollack (Hwangtae)

Physiochemical properties of freeze-dried Alaska Pollack (Hwangtae) were investigated. The moisture, crude ash and crude fat content of Hwangtae were 12.53, 5.91 and 0.94%, respectively. Contents of saccharides were found to be 3.69 mg/100 g in dried weight of glucose and 5.71 mg/100 g in dried weight of sucrose. Minerals in 100 g dry weight of Hwangtae include phosphorus (806.5 mg), calcium (612.7 mg), potassium (442.2 mg), sodium (283.5 mg), magnesium (89.9 mg), zinc (1.9 mg), iron (0.8 mg), manganese (0.3 mg) and aluminum (0.2 mg), respectively. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were the major amino acids, containing 925.4 and 644.7 mol/g in dried weight, respectively. Fatty acids in Hwangtae were composed of monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, containing 16.3, 41.2 and 42.5%, respectively. Our results suggested that this Hwangtae, a freeze-dried fish, can be used as a good nutrition source for human health.

Phamalogical effect and component of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

Abstract Sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is deciduous shrubs in the genus Hippophae, mainly cultivated in Europe and Asia. Sea buckthorn berries have a high vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, carbohydrates, protein, organic acids, dietary minerals, triterpenoids, polyphenolic acids and amino acids. Extracts of sea buckthorn berries have anti- obesity, anti-oxidantive, anti-microbial, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-diabetic and nutritional effects. Sea buckthorn used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, aid di-gestion, invigorate blood circulation and alleviate pain. Ex-tracts of sea buckthorn branches and leaves was administered to humans and animals to treat gastrointestinal distress in Mongolia. This paper briefly reviews the most relevant experimental data on the pharmacological effects and iso-lated component of sea buckthorn. And, we also describe the importance of sea buckthorn as the environmental-friendly crops. Keywords anti-obesity effect, Frankia, flavonoid, L- quebrachitol, vitamin C