Juan Larraín

World checklist of hornworts and liverworts

Abstract A working checklist of accepted taxa worldwide is vital in achieving the goal of developing an online flora of all known plants by 2020 as part of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. We here present the first-ever worldwide checklist for liverworts (Marchantiophyta) and hornworts (Anthocerotophyta) that includes 7486 species in 398 genera representing 92 families from the two phyla. The checklist has far reaching implications and applications, including providing a valuable tool for taxonomists and systematists, analyzing phytogeographic and diversity patterns, aiding in the assessment of floristic and taxonomic knowledge, and identifying geographical gaps in our understanding of the global liverwort and hornwort flora. The checklist is derived from a working data set centralizing nomenclature, taxonomy and geography on a global scale. Prior to this effort a lack of centralization has been a major impediment for the study and analysis of species richness, conservation and systematic research at both regional and global scales. The success of this checklist, initiated in 2008, has been underpinned by its community approach involving taxonomic specialists working towards a consensus on taxonomy, nomenclature and distribution.

Newly resolved relationships in an early land plant lineage: Bryophyta class Sphagnopsida (peat mosses)

UNLABELLEDnnnnPREMISE OF THE STUDYnThe Sphagnopsida, an early-diverging lineage of mosses (phylum Bryophyta), are morphologically and ecologically unique and have profound impacts on global climate. The Sphagnopsida are currently classified in two genera, Sphagnum (peat mosses) with some 350-500 species and Ambuchanania with one species. An analysis of phylogenetic relationships among species and genera in the Sphagnopsida were conducted to resolve major lineages and relationships among species within the Sphagnopsida. •nnnMETHODSnPhylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes (11 704 nucleotides total) were conducted and analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference employing seven different substitution models of varying complexity. •nnnKEY RESULTSnPhylogenetic analyses resolved three lineages within the Sphagnopsida: (1) Sphagnum sericeum, (2) S. inretortum plus Ambuchanania leucobryoides, and (3) all remaining species of Sphagnum. Sister group relationships among these three clades could not be resolved, but the phylogenetic results indicate that the highly divergent morphology of A. leucobryoides is derived within the Sphagnopsida rather than plesiomorphic. A new classification is proposed for class Sphagnopsida, with one order (Sphagnales), three families, and four genera. •nnnCONCLUSIONSnThe Sphagnopsida are an old lineage within the phylum Bryophyta, but the extant species of Sphagnum represent a relatively recent radiation. It is likely that additional species critical to understanding the evolution of peat mosses await discovery, especially in the southern hemisphere.

New national and regional bryophyte records, 46

L. T. Ellis1, A. K. Asthana2, P. Srivastava2, I. Omar2, K. K. Rawat2, V. Sahu2, M. J. Cano3, D. P. Costa4, E. M. Dias5,8, N. Dias dos Santos5,6, J. B. Silva5, V. E. Fedosov7, M. N. Kozhin7, E. A. Ignatova7, S. R. Germano8, E. O. Golovina9, N. J. M. Gremmen10, R. Ion11, S. Ştefǎnuţ11, M. von Konrat12, M. S. Jimenez13,14, G. M. Suárez13,15, T. Kiebacher16, M. Lebouvier17, D. G. Long18, D. Maity19, R. Ochyra20, I. Parnikoza21, V. Plášek22, L. Fialová22, Z. Skoupá22, S. Poponessi23, M. Aleffi23, M. S. Sabovljević24, A. D. Sabovljević24, P. Saha25, M. N. Aziz25, J. Sawicki26,22, M. Suleiman27, B.-Y. Sun28, J. Váňa29, T. Wójcik30, Y.-J. Yoon31, J. Żarnowiec32, J. Larraín33

The resurrection of Neohattoria Kamim. (Jubulaceae, Marchantiophyta): a six decade systematic conflict resolved through a molecular perspective

Abstract The systematic placement of Frullania herzogii has been contentious since its description six decades ago. Over the years it has been interpreted as either a member of the genus Frullania or segregated into its own genus, Neohattoria, due to morphological similarities with both Frullania and Jubula. Here we provide molecular evidence that supports the recognition of the genus Neohattoria and its inclusion within the Jubulaceae, together with Jubula and Nipponolejeunea. Jubulaceae are placed sister to Lejeuneaceae rather than to the monogeneric Frullaniaceae.

Species delimitation and biogeography of a southern hemisphere liverwort clade, Frullania subgenus Microfrullania (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta)

Frullania subgenus Microfrullania is a clade of ca. 15 liverwort species occurring in Australasia, Malesia, and southern South America. We used combined nuclear and chloroplast sequence data from 265 ingroup accessions to test species circumscriptions and estimate the biogeographic history of the subgenus. With dense infra-specific sampling, we document an important role of long-distance dispersal in establishing phylogeographic patterns of extant species. At deeper time scales, a combination of phylogenetic analyses, divergence time estimation and ancestral range estimation were used to reject vicariance and to document the role of long-distance dispersal in explaining the evolution and biogeography of the clade across the southern Hemisphere. A backbone phylogeny for the subgenus is proposed, providing insight into evolution of morphological patterns and establishing the basis for an improved sectional classification of species within Microfrullania. Several species complexes are identified, the presence of two undescribed but genetically and morphologically distinct species is noted, and previously neglected names are discussed.

The mosses (Bryophyta) of Capitán Prat Province, Aisén Region, southern Chile.

Abstract The bryophytes of Capitán Prat province have remained one of the least explored in Chile. The eventual construction of several dams on the rivers Baker and Pascua required prospection of all groups of organisms including bryophytes, work that was facilitated by the recent construction of vehicular roads that now offer easy access to previously almost unaccessible locations. The results of intense bryophyte collecting during the austral summer of 2007 are here presented. A total of 260 moss taxa are reported for the province, corresponding to 256 species and four infraspecific taxa, of which 211 are new records for the province, 54 are new for Aisén Region, and two are new records for continental Chile (Pohlia longicollis (Hedw.) Lindb. and Rigodium toxarion var. robustum (Broth.) Zomlefer). Twelve species extend their known distribution ranges to the north, whereas 49 extend them to the south.

Rediscovery and reinstatement of the New Caledonian endemic filmy fern Hymenophyllum pumilio Rosenst.

ABSTRACT The filmy fern Hymenophyllum pumilio was described in 1911 from a single collection made during 1910 from New Caledonia. It was not recorded again until its rediscovery during an expedition to New Caledonia in 2012. In the interim, it was synonymised in 2007 with Hymenophyllum minimum, which had been regarded as endemic to New Zealand. After comparing the new collections with H. minimum from New Zealand, we reinstate H. pumilio as a distinct species. The most notable morphological differences are that H. pumilio lacks secondary pinnae and the spines on the outer surfaces of the indusial flaps that are found in H. minimum. There are also substantive genetic differences, with 37 substitutions across an alignment length of 2104 base pairs of rbcL and trnL-trnF chloroplast DNA sequences. Hymenophyllum pumilio is a small and easily overlooked species that remains poorly documented. It is symptomatic of the need for more taxonomic attention on New Caledonias ferns.

Using citizen science to bridge taxonomic discovery with education and outreach

Premise of the Study Biological collections are uniquely poised to inform the stewardship of life on Earth in a time of cataclysmic biodiversity loss. Efforts to fully leverage collections are impeded by a lack of trained taxonomists and a lack of interest and engagement by the public. We provide a model of a crowd‐sourced data collection project that produces quality taxonomic data sets and empowers citizen scientists through real contributions to science. Entitled MicroPlants, the project is a collaboration between taxonomists, citizen science experts, and teachers and students from universities and K–12. Methods We developed an online tool that allows citizen scientists to measure photographs of specimens of a hyper‐diverse group of liverworts from a biodiversity hotspot. Results Using the MicroPlants online tool, citizen scientists are generating high‐quality data, with preliminary analysis indicating non‐expert data can be comparable to expert data. Discussion More than 11,000 users from both the website and kiosk versions have contributed to the data set, which is demonstrably aiding taxonomists working toward establishing conservation priorities within this group. MicroPlants provides opportunities for public participation in authentic science research. The projects educational component helps move youth toward engaging in scientific thinking and has been adopted by several universities into curriculum for both biology and non‐biology majors.

The rediscovery of Frullania weberbaueri Steph.: The first record for Chile, its conservation status, and lectotypification

Se reporta el hallazgo de una poblacion de Frullania weberbaueri en el Parque Nacional Pan de Azucar, Provincia de Antofagasta, Chile. Este taxon se conocia previamente solo de la coleccion tipo realizada por August Weberbauer en Lima en 1901. La nueva coleccion esta fertil, por lo que se describen aqui la sexualidad y los periantos, junto con los cuerpos oleosos y el habitat utilizado por la especie, y se provee un mapa de su distribucion conocida. Se designa un lectotipo para el nombre. Este es el primer registro de una hepatica para los desiertos costeros del norte de Chile, y el registro mas austral para Frullania sect. Meteoriopsis.