Juan Mancera-Taboada

Geomatics and Geophysics Synergies to Evaluate Underground Wine Cellars

This article presents a multidisciplinary study to evaluate the internal and external state of underground wine cellars. In particular, five historical subterranean wine cellars that present a complex structure and whose underground three-dimensional (3D) shape and their connections with the external surface are unknown. They are recorded and analyzed with non-invasive techniques. An approach that integrates surveying geotechnologies (terrestrial laser scanner, global positioning system) with geophysical prospecting equipment (ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography), was used in order to plan architectural restoration actions. The combination of both sets of techniques implies an improvement in the information gathered compared with they are applied separately, facilitating the interpretation of geophysical data to generate accurate geometric geophysical profiles and highlighting the evaluation of the state of this type of architectonic heritage.

A New Trend for Reverse Engineering: Robotized Aerial System for Spatial Information Management

The robotized aerial systems (RAS) are automated systems whose main characteristic is that can be remotely piloted. This property is especially interesting in those reverse engineering works in which the accuracy of the model is not reachable by common aerial or satellite systems, there is a difficult accessibility to the infrastructure due to location and geometry aspects, and the economic resources are limited. This paper aims to show the research, development and application of a RAS that will generate geo-referenced spatial information at low cost, high quality, and high availability.

Application of Non-Destructive Techniques to the Recording and Modelling of Palaeolithic Rock Art

1.1 Motivation According to Spanish legislation and international organisations such as UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the European Union, historical and artistic heritages should be preserved and placed in the service of society for either cultural, scientific or educational purposes. Thus, it is necessary to document and invest in their preservation, restoration, rehabilitation and/or archival for subsequent scientific studies (Elwazani, 2003), in addition to documenting their dissemination and social value. Archaeological remains are part of peoples’ historical artistic heritage and represent a testimony of their past. The attitude and sensibility towards this cultural inheritance say much about our future as a society. The documentation of general heritage and particularly archaeological heritage properties is indispensable before performing any type of measure or intervention. Such documentation implies recording, storing, cataloguing and measuring the elements that compose the heritage property. With regards to archaeological heritage, these tasks are developed both with elements that comprise movable heritage (for example, bone and lithic industries) and with elements that comprise non-movable heritage (for example, buildings, fields and caves). The geometric component of archaeological documentation begins with measurement and has the objective of a graphical representation, using multiple strategies and support. The act of measuring implies a quantification of the spatial characteristics of an object, especially its shape, dimensions, orientation and location, both in its immediate environment and in relation to the global geographic context. In the geographic documentation of heritage, the measurement and graphical representation are indivisible tasks. Particularly, the traditional procedures of documentation and graphical representation are based on employing equipment that has a low cost and is easy to use. Despite the effectiveness of these procedures, they exhibit a series of inconveniences, such as the large amount of time required to acquire data, the limit of work within a twodimensional scope, the loss of information during data transfer and the need to physically

Turning Point Clouds into 3d Models: The Aqueduct of Segovia

This article presents digital three-dimensional models that reproduce the original structure of the aqueduct of Segovia (Spain) using laserscanning approaches, as well as orthophotos, which thoroughly document dimensional and textural characteristics of this emblematic monument, declared UNESCO World Heritage Site. In addition to analyzing the accuracy and validity of laserscanning technique in the conservation and preservation of Cultural Heritage, a methodology of data capture, processing and photogrammetry representation is analysed.

Architectural orthophoto plan for pathological characterization of the Medieval Wall of Avila

This article presents the development of a specific architectural orthophoto plan applied to the Medieval Wall of Avila, with the aim of obtaining a high quality cartographic product which allow us to undertake actions for pathological and structural characterization. This product must provide support for decision making concerning the pathology and structural characterization of the wall. To this end, a combined use of geomatics non-destructive techniques, specifically laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry will be applied. As a result of this integration, orthophotos with a pixel size of 4mm (GSD) will be obtained, constituting a tool with great potential for the different actors involved in the management of the conservation and restoration of this valuable monument.

Integration of TLS, close range photogrammetry and spatial information systems

This paper describes a methodology based on combining TLS and close range photogrammetry aimed at generating the geometry of 3-D surfaces as well as 3D real textured models and map products for further study. Also, a spatial information system based on spherical photograph is presented that allows performing virtual tours as well as geo-referencing graphical or numerical data derived from the TLS or photogrammetric survey. The methodology is applied to the survey of the Llonín Cave, Asturias, in the Northwest of Spain.

New Insights into the Concept of Orienteering Maps

Abstract Orienteering is both a mental and physical activity. A compass and maps are the basic tools of orienteering, and orienteering requires specialized maps that have been adapted and standardized to guarantee fair competition. Map-making for orienteering has become a highly specialized cartographic task. This paper aims to answer three main questions: What is an orienteering map (o-map)? How should we categorize o-maps? What are its essential components? The answers to these questions provide insight into the concept and nature of o-maps. By analysing the functions of this type of maps and by searching for similarities and differences between o-maps, topographic maps, and nautical charts, we attempt to comprehensively characterize and conceptualize o-maps to contribute to their improvement.