Juan Mejia-Trejo

Measuring Innovation: Clusters and Competitiveness in Jalisco, Mexico

The aim of this paper is to identify the relationship between a set of variables that determine the level of innovation for competitiveness development in the Guadalajara information and communications technologies cluster. We applied 44 questionnaires of 12 dimensions and 32 indicators, distributed in: 22 managers(11 Back Office.-BO/11 Front Office.-FO) of the telecommunications firms and 22 managers (11 Back Office.-BO/11 Front Office.-FO) software developers companies into the ICT cluster, considering Innovation and Competitiveness for this research. The results indicate that the implementation of Strategy, Value Added, Creativity and National Government Policies contributes to the Innovation for the creation of competitive advantages, but with poor results mainly due to the low ratio of: business-institutes of higher education and government linkage, value-added product-service, incentives for the diffusion of intellectual property protection, incentives for creativity, creation policies clusters at regional and national levels. Finally, it was determined that software development companies have higher levels of innovation with respect to telecommunications firms, providing a basis for future studies about the degree of interrelationships among firms in the same cluster, and the contribution for IFC of BO and FO managers.

Intellectual capital, impact factor on competitiveness: manufacturing industry SMEs in Mexico

Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of the intellectual capital (IC) on the competitiveness in the manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach The approach of this investigation is developing a theoretical construct to determine the correlation between IC and competitiveness and find the most relevant factors that impact it, where IC is independent variable and the competitiveness is dependant variable. Using the Likert scale to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement, the survey was applied to 420 SMEs. The results were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha and subsequently structural equation models. Findings The results show that the IC dimensions – the information obtained, IC developed and learning and feedback – have an effect on the competitiveness of SMEs. The paper presents the theoretical validation of the factors that impact on IC and competitiveness and hence they are the key elements that impact mostly on each analysed variable. Practical implications The results obtained measure the level of correlation between the variables in the study, helping to design strategies for the key factors needed to integrate the IC and to develop competitive synergies in the manufacturing SMEs. Originality/value This study shows the effects of the IC that are directly impacting the competitiveness of SMEs so that each factor of the dependent and independent variables should be analysed separately to propose improvements in implementing IC to seek higher level of competitiveness.

How the Innovation Improves the Customer Knowledge Management, in México

Innovation can be broken down in stages (INNOVS) to increase the competitive advantage. When the Innovation improves the Knowledge Management in the firms based on the sense of information: for, from and about the customers, is called: Customer Knowledge Management (CKM). The aim of this study is to solve: ?Which is the conceptual model that relates the variables, dimensions and indicators from INNOVS with CKM? A questionnaire was applied on 200 SMEs from the software developer sector in Guadalajara (SDSG), Mexico involving Multiple Regression Analysis by Stepwise method. The results pointed out in three remarkable variables from INNOVS-CKM model proposal.

Process Innovation: Improving the Railroad Sector for Competitiveness

The aim of this paper is to propose and discover the relationship between a set of variables of a conceptual model for the railroad industry, based on process innovation variables (PIV), which allows the managers of these companies, recognize, assess, decide and implement actions that improve the competitiveness(C) in the sector. The selection of the independent variables was performed through review of the literature discovering initially 16, and identifying 4 as independent variables. They were weighted in order of importance, applying Saatys Theorem to 10 railroad specialists, resulting: Knowledge Management (KM), Logistics (LG); Information and Communication Technologies (ICT); Quality of Service (QoS). We applied 44 questionnaires of 4 dimensions, 20 indicators, 60 regeants to different railroad specialist managers: 14 from FERROMEX (FMX); 10 from FERROSUR (FSR); 10 from FERROVALLE (FVLL) and 10 from KANSAS CITY SOUTHERN of MEXICO (KCSM). The design of data collection instrument involved as a test pilot questionnaire to 10specialist managers of railroads and using the method of the 2 Halves to assure the reliability, with Pearson correlation on r = 0.9905 for adjustment. Using simple linear regression were obtained the variables that drive the PIV for C in railroad sector. These were: KM (65.6%), QoS (30%), ICT (47.3%) and LG (32%). Finally it is concluded, that in the railroad industry, managers should focus their efforts mainly to the independent variable: knowledge management, which is described with the organizational dimension and characterized by Talent Management, Use and Implementation, Creation and Acquisition, Storage, Sharing and Transfer as indicators to initially raise the competitiveness of the sector.

Popular Community Banks in Mexico: Designing the Measuring Tool of Innovation in Services for Competitiveness

Today, the PCB are a very important social alternative because they are based upon the development of their members and the community, unlike Banks, based over the profitability; however, in Mexico they have a bad reputation because of cases reported in the last decades of abuse and fraud to its members. Fortunately, not all cases are like this, because there are 4 case studies of PCB placed at the Sierra de Amula and South Coast of Jalisco (SACSJ), which served as inspiration to give permanence and continuity to the original concept; such PCBs are Agustin de Iturbide (1955;11,232 members), Cristobal Colon (1972; 32,584 members), San Jose Casimiro (1977; 6,539 members) and Santa Maria Guadalupe (1960;17,030 members)totaling 67,385 members in December 2011. This document is intended to discover the Variables of Innovation in Services (VIS) of those PCB and relating Competitiveness to permanence, growth and retention, to allow the managers of these PCB to recognize them, and decide the actions in order to become more competitive. The methodology suggested was base on literature review and empirical query to 15 experts in PCB. 4 VIS were determined: Profile of the Leader, Decisions Mnagement, Innovation and Regulations. Each of one were characterized to determine, finally: Profile of the Leader with 3 Dimensions and 8 Indicators; Regulations with 2 Dimensions and 4 Indicators; Management Decisions with 6 Dimensions, 12 Indicators, Innovation: 1 Dimension, 4 Indicators.

The Determinant Factors of Open Business Model (Los Factores Determinantes del Modelo de Negocios Abierto)

Introduction: Since the beginning of the XXI century, several authors affirm that open business models (OBM) enable an organization to be more effective in creating as well as capturing value and are a prerequisite for successful co-development partnerships. As a result of both trends, the rising development costs and shorter product/service lifecycles, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to justify investments in innovation. The OBM solve both trends, underscoring the terms: ― “industry ecosystem” and/or ― “collaborative business model”. Not only it changes the innovation process but it also modifies organizations themselves by reconfiguring value chains and networks. For the firms, it creates a heuristic logic, based on the current business model and technology to extend them with strategy, to the development of innovation to create value and increasing revenues and profits. It emphasizes the external communities with governance as valuable resources with several roles that promote corporate competitiveness. So, for a specialized sector with high technology such as the information technologies sector of metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (ITSMZG), we posed the next research question: Which are the determinant factors of the OBM as an empirical model to be applied at the ITSMZG? Method: As you see, this research is aimed to pose, the determinant factors of the OBM as an empirical model to be applied at the ITSMZG.This is a documentary study to select the main variables among specialists in ITSMZG practicing the OBM process using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi’s Panel to contrast the academic terms with the specialists experience. It´s a descriptive, exploratory, correlational, cross-sectional, qualitative-quantitative study to obtain a final questionnaire in Likert scale, with reliability tested through a pilot survey (Cronbach’s Alpha>0.75), applied during Jan. 2015-May 2016 to the total population asked: 600 specialists of ITSMZG (150 IT teachers and 150 representatives of consulting firms as “consultant part”; 290 IT SME CEO and 10 IT LE CEO as the “decisionmaking part”, since 1 year in the market, 80% with bachelor degree, 20% with postgrade, 20% women and 80% men). It was designed a first-order structural equation modeling (SEM) as a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique, using the EQS 6.1 software to analyse the OBM underlying variables, to determine a final empirical model. Results: The result is an empirical OBM based on 5 main factors: business management BMG (10 variables/76 indicators), strategy (STR, 3 variables/14 indicators), technology (TEC, 3 variables/24 indicators), new entrepeneurships (NWE, 3 variables/7indicators) and open innovation orientation (OIO, 3 variables/18 indicators), empirically proved for the ITSMZG. Conclusion: Although the final empirical OBM has a significant positive effect among its variables, also showed different levels of factor loadings, meaning opportunities to improve the model for the ITSMZG.

Business Model, Customer Needs and Innovation Management: Proposal of a Conceptual Process for Competitive Improvement

The study aims to conceptually determine the process by which the business model, customer needs, and innovation management relate with entrepreneurial competitiveness. The method is based on documented research and it covers five areas; Area I: Business Model, which involves a proposal of added value, vision, mission and values; Area II: Marketing, which covers customer needs, wishes and purchase stimuli, defining the product/market and product attributes; Area III: Competitive Matrices, which covers the environment, market appeal, competitive position and risk, vulnerability; Area IV: Strategy Creation, which defines business-related Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, cost-benefit analysis of strategies and added value. Area V: Innovation Management, featuring: technology, product, service, sales and organization, application of Innovation Management Tools, decision-making solutions are proposed for companys management and/or directors, and the Prototype product.

Empirical Model for Mobile Learning and Their Factors. Case Study: Universities Located at Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, México

The information and communication technologies (ICT) are producing new and innovative forms of teaching-learning process, so our research question is: Which is the Empirical Model for Mobile Learning and their Factors, in Universities located at Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, Mexico? This research is aimed to respond it, based on documentary study to select the variables with specialists in m-Learning using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The final Factors, discovered were 3: Technology (TECH); Contents, Teaching-Learning Management & Styles (CTLMS); Professor S with 13 Dimensions and 60 Variables. The study was applied on: 20 professors and 800 students both participating in social sciences courses, from 7 Universities located at Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, Mexico (UMZG) during the period 2013-2014 (24 months).The data of the questionnaires, were analyzed by structural equations modeling (SEM), using EQS 6.1 software. The final results suggest that there are 9/60 variables showing most influence to improve the interaction with mL model at UZMG.

Determinants of Mobile-Learning as a Conceptual Model of Learning Innovation for Higher Education in Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico

The information and communication technologies (ICT) are producing new and innovative forms of teaching-learning process in higher education, so our research question is: Which are the determinants of Mobile-Learning as Conceptual Model of Learning Innovation for higher education in Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico ? This research is aimed to respond it, based on documentary study to select the variables with 5 specialists in mobile-learning (mL) from Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The final determinants, were: the Professor (P), the Student (S) according its role; the Contents (C); the Technology (T) with a Final Questionnaire designed with 60 Indicators grouped, according the principal authors to describe mL.

Intellectual Capital, Impact Factor in Competitiveness: SMEs Manufacturing Industry in Mexico.

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of the intellectual capital (IC) on the competitiveness in the SMEs manufacturing in Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: The approach of this investigation is developing a theoretical construct to determine the correlation between intellectual capital and competitiveness, and find the most relevant factors that impacts it, where IC is independent variable, and the competitiveness as dependant variable. Using the Likert scale in order to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement, and the survey was applied to 420 SMEs. The results were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbachs alpha and subsequently structural equation models (SEM).Findings: The results show that the IC dimensions the information obtained, intellectual capital developed and learning and feedback; have effect on the competitiveness of SMEs. The paper presents the theoretical validation of the factors that impact on intellectual capital and competitiveness, and hence the key elements that impact mostly on each analysed variable.Originality/value: This study shows the effects of the IC that are directly impacting the competitiveness of SMEs, so that each factor of the dependent and independent variables should be analysed separately to propose improvements in implementing CI to seek higher level of competitiveness.Practical implications: The results obtained measure the level of correlation between the variables in study, hence to design the strategies and key factors needed to integrate the intellectual capital and develop competitive synergies in the SMEs manufacturing.