Juarez Lopes Donzele

Efeitos da temperatura e da umidade relativa sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de cortes nobres de frangos de corte de 1 a 49 dias de idade

Foram utilizados 180 pintos machos de 1 dia de idade, da linhagem Ross (peso inicial 43,0 ± 0,2 g) para avaliacao dos efeitos de diferentes ambientes sobre o desempenho e as caracteristicas de carcaca. As aves foram criadas no periodo de 1 a 49 dias de idade em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com tres ambientes (conforto termico, calor seco e calor umido), seis repeticoes por tratamento e dez aves por unidade experimental. As racoes e a agua foram fornecidas a vontade. O monitoramento da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar de cada ambiente foi feito por meio de termometros de bulbo seco e de globo negro. Os valores obtidos foram convertidos em valor unico - Indice de Temperatura de Globo e Umidade (ITGU), para caracterizacao do ambiente. As temperaturas que caracterizaram os ambientes de conforto, de calor seco e de calor umido foram, respectivamente, 25,1 ± 2,99; 35,0 ± 0,14 e 31,2 ± 1,82oC e as umidades relativas registradas nos ambientes de calor seco e calor umido foram, respectivamente, de 40 e 75%. Foram avaliados o consumo de racao, o ganho de peso e a conversao alimentar nos periodos de 1 a 21, 1 a 41 e 1 a 49 dias de idade. Ao final do experimento, as aves foram abatidas para avaliacao dos pesos absolutos e do rendimento de carcaca e de cortes nobres (coxa, sobrecoxa e peito). O ambiente de calor influenciou negativamente o consumo de racao e o ganho de peso das aves em todos os periodos estudados, mas esse efeito foi mais acentuado nas aves mantidas em ambiente de calor umido. O calor tambem influenciou negativamente os pesos absolutos de coxa, sobrecoxa e peito. Altas temperaturas prejudicam o desempenho e o rendimento de cortes nobres de frangos de corte de 1 a 49 dias de idade, de modo que esses efeitos sao mais acentuados pelo aumento da umidade relativa do ar.

Efeitos da temperatura ambiente sobre o desempenho de suínos dos 30 aos 60 kg

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature on performance, carcass composition and physiological parameters of pigs from 30 to 60 kg of weight. Thirty six barrow (Landrace x Large White) with initial weight of 29.94 ± 0.49 kg, were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments six replicates and two animals per experimental unity. The experimental period lasted 35 days. The treatments consisted of T1 Animals on heat stress (32oC) fed ad libitum; T2 Animals on thermal comfort (23oC) fed ad libitum; T3 Animals on thermal comfort (23oC) pair feeding with treatment 1. Environmental temperature reduced the feed intake however improved the feed:gain ratio and lysine efficiency utilization for gain of the animals on treatment 1 compared of those on the others treatments. Fat deposition was lesser for swine maintained in treatments 1 and 3 than for those on treatment 2. However only animals on thermal comfort with pair feeding showed a decreasing protein deposition. The animals on heat stress showed lower fasting and carcass weights than those animals on thermal comfort with ad libitum feeding. The animals on heat stress showed fasting and carcass weights higher than those with pair feeding. The treatments did not affect carcass yield and relative weights of the evaluated organs, exception for stomach, that was smaller in T3. The physiological parameters (surface temperature and respiratory rate) were negatively affected by high temperature (T1). Rectal temperature was not influenced by the treatments. It was concluded that in the growing phase high temperature decreased pig performance and maintained a protein deposition in carcass, and this effect is not limitant to decrease feed intake.This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the environmental temperature on performance, carcass composition and physiological parameters of swine from 15 to 30 kg. Thirty-six barrow (Landrace x Large White) averaging initial weight of 14.97 + 0.56 kg were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and six replicates of two animals. The experimental period lasted 23 days. The treatments were as follows: T1 animals on heat stress (35oC) fed ad libitum; T2 animals on thermal comfort (22oC) fed ad libitum; T3 animals on thermal comfort (22oC), pair feeding with treatment 1. Decreasing effects of treatments 1 and 3 feed intake, weight gain, carcass yield and decrease on feed:gain ratio were observed. It was also observed decrease on daily protein and fat depositions in carcass of the animals of treatments 1 and 3 compared of those in the treatment 2. No effects of treatments on relative weights of evaluated organs were observed, except for the relative weight of kidney and stomach that were smaller in the animals of treatment 1 than those of treatment 2. The physiological parameters (rectal temperature, surface temperature and respiratory rate) were negatively influenced by high temperature (treatment 1). It was concluded that in the initial phase the environmental temperature by decreasing feed intake, reduce the weight gain, feed:gain ratio, and protein deposition and increase the respiratory rate and rectal temperature of swine.

Exigência de metionina mais cistina para codornas japonesas em crescimento

Five hundred and forty 7-days old female quails, averaging 21.50 g, were used during 35 days. A completely randomized blocks design with five replicates and 18 females per experimental unity was used to study the effect of six digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratios (0.48, 0.53, 0.58, 0.63, 0.68 and 0.75) on the traits evaluated during the growing period. Final weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), feed conversion (g/g), feather rate (%), chemical composition (%) (dry matter, water, crude protein and ether extract) and body protein and fat deposition (g). The effect of the amino acids on feed intake (g), feed conversion (g/g), feather rate (%), chemical composition (%) (dry matter, water, crud protein and ether extract) and protein deposition was quadratic and the effect on final body weight (g) and weight gain (g) was linear. The best estimated digestible methionine plus cystine: digestible lysine ratio was .66 and the estimated digestible methionine plus cystine requirement for growing Japanese quail was .758%, for a intake of 91.43 mg of digestible methionine plus cystine intake.

Níveis de energia digestível e proteína bruta em rações para alevinos de lambari tambiú

Six hundred lambari tambiu (Astyanax bimaculatus) averaging initial weight of 1.30 ± 0.01 g, placed in 40 aquariums (100 L) with water renewal, controlled temperature and individual aeration, were used to determine the digestible energy (DE) requirements, according to the dietary crude protein (CP) levels. The experiment was analyzed as a 5 x 2 factorial scheme (five levels of DE: 2,900, 3,000, 3,100, 3,200, and 3,300 kcal/kg, combined with two levels of CP: 32 and 38%), in a completely randomized design with four replicates and fifteen fishes per experimental unit. The fish were submitted to the feeding controlled based on the average daily intake of the treatments with the highest energy level (3,300 kcal/kg) for each daily corrected protein level, during 49 days. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, crude protein intake, digestible energy intake, apparent feed:gain ratio, protein efficiency rate, carcass yield, nitrogen retention efficiency, and contents of body humidity, fat and protein were evaluated. Fishes fed diets with 32% of CP showed smaller specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate and higher feed:gain ratio. Fishes fed diets with 38% of CP showed greater carcass yield. The requirement of digestible energy for lambari tambiu is of 2,900 kcal/kg for diets with 32 and 38% of CP.

Influence of environment temperature on the performance and the physiological traits of barrows from 30 to 60 kg

ABSTRACT - The present work was conducted to evaluate the effect of constant thermal environment on the performance and physiological traits of barrows from 30 to 60 kg LW. A total of 100 animals were allotted to a randomized block design, with five treatments (3100, 3250, 3400, 3550 and 3700 kcal of DE/kg of diet), five replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Weight gain, intakes of diet, protein and energy and feed:gain ratio and the efficiencies of protein and energy utilization were reduced in the heat environment. Fast weight/live weight ratio was higher in the heat environment and the environment temperature did not affect the carcass weight/fast weight ratio. The protein deposition rate increased and the fat deposition rate decreased as the environment temperature increased. The environment temperature reduced the internal organ weight and increased the respiratory frequency, in the animals maintained under heat. Although feed:gain ratio had decreased in the heat environment, the animals maintained in this environment presented higher protein deposition rate in the carcass.ABSTRACT - The present work was conducted to evaluate the effect of constant thermal environment on the performance and physiological traits of barrows from 30 to 60 kg LW. A total of 100 animals were allotted to a randomized block design, with five treatments (3100, 3250, 3400, 3550 and 3700 kcal of DE/kg of diet), five replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Weight gain, intakes of diet, protein and energy and feed:gain ratio and the efficiencies of protein and energy utilization were reduced in the heat environment. Fast weight/live weight ratio was higher in the heat environment and the environment temperature did not affect the carcass weight/fast weight ratio. The protein deposition rate increased and the fat deposition rate decreased as the environment temperature increased. The environment temperature reduced the internal organ weight and increased the respiratory frequency, in the animals maintained under heat. Although feed:gain ratio had decreased in the heat environment, the animals maintained in this environment presented higher protein deposition rate in the carcass.

Lisina em rações para suínos machos castrados selecionados para deposição de carne magra na carcaça dos 110 aos 125 kg

Sixty barrows from crossing between commercial hybrids with an average initial weight of 95.7 ± 0.80 kg and an average final weight of 109.8 ± 1.13 kg were used to evaluate different dietary lysine levels on performance and on carcass characteristics. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks with five treatments, six replicates and two animals per replicate. The treatments corresponded to a basal diet with 13.7% of crude protein, 3367 kcal DE/kg supplemented with five L-lysine-HCl levels, resulting in diets with 0.50; 0.60; 0.70; 0.80 and 0.90% of total lysine. The daily feed intake reduced by linear way with the increase of lysine level in diet. However, it was showed highest lysine consumption with increase of dietary aminoacid concentration. It was verified quadratic effect of treatments on the feed:gain ratio which improved until the level of 0.76% of lysine level and on feed:lean gain that reduced by linear way. However the adjusted data by Linear Response Plateau indicated the level of 0.79% to the best feed:lean gain. The weight gain, carcass lenght, backfat thickness, ham yield, lean growth yield and loin eye area were not influenced by treatments. For the genotype studied, it was concluded that barrows from 95 to 110 kg require 0.76% of total lysine in diet, corresponding to a daily lysine intake of 23.8 g.

Níveis de lisina digestível em rações para frangos de corte de 22 a 42 dias de idade, mantidos em ambiente de termoneutralidade

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary digestible lysine levels, maintaining or not the amino acid relation, on performance of broilers from 22 to 42 days old on thermoneutral environment. Two hundred and ten male broilers (averaging initial weight of 662.5 g) and 168 broilers (averaging initial weight of 623.7 g) were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design in trials 1 and 2, respectively. In trial 1, the broilers were allotted to five treatments (digestible lysine levels in conventional diets) and six replicates of seven broilers. In trial 2, the broilers were allotted to four treatments (digestible lysine levels in diet maintaining amino acid relation) and six replicates of seven broilers. In both trials, linear effect of digestible lysine levels on body weight gain and feed:gain ratio were observed. In trial 1, the increasing dietary digestible lysine levels increased linearly absolute carcass weight. There was no effect of lysine levels on relative carcass weights and on absolute and relative weichts of abdominal fat. In trial 2, absolute and relative breast and thigh weights increased linearly, while the absolute drumstick data increased quadraticly up to 0.955% digestible lysine level. No treatment effects on relative drumstick weight and absolute and relative weights of abdominal fat was observed. It was concluded that male broilers, Avian Farms, in the period from 22 to 42 days old, require at least 1.015 and 1.075% digestible lysine in conventional diet or in a diet maintaining the amino acid relation, respectively. This corresponds to an intake of 28 g digestible lysine for birds on a thermoneutral environment.

Effects of environmental temprerature on performance of pigs from 30 to 60 kg live weight

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of environmental temperature on performance, carcass composition and physiological parameters of pigs from 30 to 60 kg of weight. Thirty six barrow (Landrace x Large White) with initial weight of 29.94 ± 0.49 kg, were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments six replicates and two animals per experimental unity. The experimental period lasted 35 days. The treatments consisted of T1 Animals on heat stress (32oC) fed ad [...]

Níveis de lisina para leitoas selecionadas geneticamente para deposição de carne magra na carcaça, dos 15 aos 30 kg

Foram utilizadas 50 leitoas hibridas, com alto potencial genetico para deposicao de carne magra na carcaca e peso inicial e final de 15,39 ± 0,59 e 30,93 ± 1,72 kg, respectivamente, para avaliar diferentes niveis de lisina. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, cinco repeticoes e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos corresponderam a uma racao basal com 19% de proteina bruta, suplementada com cinco niveis de L-lisina HCl, resultando em racoes com 0,95; 1,05; 1,15; 1,25; e 1,35% de lisina total. Observou-se que o ganho de peso e o consumo de lisina diario elevaram-se de forma linear com o aumento do nivel de lisina da racao. Houve efeito quadratico dos niveis de lisina sobre o consumo de racao diario e a conversao alimentar, que melhorou ate o nivel de 1,26% de lisina total (0,365%/Mcal de ED) ou 1,13% (0,328%/Mcal de ED) de lisina digestivel, correspondendo a um consumo estimado de lisina total e digestivel de 14,62 g/dia e 13,12 g/dia, respectivamente. Nao se observou efeito dos tratamentos sobre a porcentagem de proteina e de agua na carcaca e os niveis de ureia no soro sanguineo, entretanto, houve efeito quadratico sobre a porcentagem de gordura e a taxa de deposicao de gordura na carcaca, que diminuiram ate o nivel de 1,25 e 1,18% de lisina, respectivamente. Observou-se que a taxa de deposicao de proteina elevou de forma linear com o aumento do nivel de lisina na racao. Os niveis de lisina total que proporcionaram os melhores resultados de desempenho e qualidade de carcaca situaram-se entre 1,18 e 1,35%. Portanto, concluiu-se que a exigencia de lisina total de leitoas dos 15 aos 30 kg e de 1,26% ou de 1,13% de lisina digestivel, correspondendo a consumo estimado de lisina total e digestivel de 14,6 e 13,1 g/dia, respectivamente.

Níveis de lisina digestível para pintos de corte machos na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade

The objective of this experiment was to determine the digestible lysine requirement for male broilers from 1 to 21 days. Six hundred male broiler chicks, Hubbard, with an average weight of 48 g were allotted to randomized blocks experimental design with five treatments, six replicates and 20 chicks per experimental unit. The treatments corresponded to the basal diet, with 20.85% of crude protein and 3000 kcal of ME/kg, attending the requirements of protein, energy, calcium, phosphorus and amino acids, except lysine supplemented with five L-lysine levels, resulting on diets with .84, .93, 1.02, 1.11, and 1.20% of digestible lysine in the diet. The true amino acid digestibility in the basal diet was determined by means of a digestibility trial with cecectomized Leghorn roosters. The digestible lysine levels in the diet influenced the weight gain, feed:gain ratio, lysine intake, the ether extract content of the carcass and the protein and fat deposition rate in the carcass. However, there was no effect on diet intake and the concentration of uric acid in the blood serum and crude protein, dry matter and water of the carcass. Based on the results of WG, F:G and protein deposition rate in the carcass, the digestible lysine requirements were estimated in 1.05, 1.03, and 1.08%, respectively.