Judit T. Kiss

ANALYSIS OF EARNINGS SURPLUS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL IN HUNGARY, BETWEEN 2004 AND 2013

According to the human capital theory, education can be seen as an investment into individual human capital. The profitability of human capital investment is partly determined by the individuals’ work-related earnings. The study examines how work-related earnings and the gap between gross earnings at different educational level changed in Hungary, between 2004 and 2013. An indicator is defined and presented to measure the change in gross earnings and net earnings caused by the education as human capital investment. Moreover we examine the change in earnings surplus by educational level, look for the answer to the question whether the gap between earnings for individuals with different educational attainment increased or decreased in Hungary from 2004 to 2013. Keywords—educational level, marginal earning rate, investment in human capital, tax burden

General incentives for renewable energy investment and energy efficiency measures in Hungary

Abstract In this paper we analyse the trends and developments of energy imports as a percentage of gross inland energy consumption including bunkers in Hungary and the European Union countries between 2000 and 2011. Data show that the average of the energy dependence increased in the EU27 Member States (7.1 percentage points) and in Hungary, too (3.4 percentage points). The energy intensity in Member States is examined as well. According to the data the energy intensity decreased in the majority of the Member States, the average decreased by 16 percent.

Examination of The Main Characteristics of The Electricity Market in Hungary

Energy efficiency measures and increasing use of renewable energy can contribute to the sustainable development at global level, to increase of the energy saving in any economy, and to decrease of energy dependence at global and macro level. In this paper we aim to investigate the amount of electricity produced and the development of price of electricity sold and purchased by the different actors in the Hungarian electricity market between 2008 and 2013. Moreover we analyse the rate of renewable energy sources in the production of electricity, look for the answer to the question whether the rate of renewable energy sources in electricity production increased or decreased in Hungary. Keywords—sources of electricity production, supply of electricity, price of electricity

Renewable energy production and consumption in Hungary

Abstract Energy efficiency measures and the enhancement of investments in renewable energy play important role in sustainable development and lead to advancement of competitiveness of national economies. The increase of renewable energy consumption and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are significant stages of the process to achieve the main purposes of sustainable development at global and national levels. In this paper the change in the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption and in the greenhouse gas emissions intensity in Hungary between 2004 and 2011 is investigated. It is demonstrated that the share of the renewable energy in gross inland energy consumption increased during the examined period. The measure and the tendency of the change in Hungary show similarity to the EU 27 average. The greenhouse gas emissions intensity of energy consumption decreased in Hungary between 2004 and 2011. According to the data, the decrease is the second largest among the European Member ...