Judy A. Driskell

Quantitation of individual tocopherols in plasma, platelets, lipids, and livers by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract A rapid, sensitive procedure is described for the analysis of the tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-) in plasma, platelets, lipids, and liver using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection. Excellent recoveries of these tocopherols in plasma were obtained - greater than 90%. Separation and quantitation of the four tocopherols required as little as 0.2 ml plasma.

Quantities of B6 vitamers in human milk by high-performance liquid chromatography: Influence of maternal vitamin B6 status☆

A rapid, sensitive procedure is described for the analysis of the B6 vitamers pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine in human milk from women taking and not taking supplements containing the vitamin using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Vitamer values represent the sum of their phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms. Minimum detectable quantities were 1-3 ng. Excellent recoveries of these vitamers in milk were obtained. Similar B6 vitamer concentrations of milk were obtained using the developed high-performance liquid chromatographic and the accepted microbiological techniques. Pyridoxal, actually consisting of pyridoxal plus pyridoxal phosphate, was the predominant B6 vitamer in human milk. The concentration of B6 vitamers in milk was reflective of the maternal vitamin B6 status.

Vitamin E status of young women on combined-type oral contraceptives

Differences in vitamin E status between young Caucasian women using oral contraceptives (OCs) for 1 yr or more and control females were obtained with regard to the following parameters: 1) hemolysis, 2) plasma total tocopherols by spectrophotometric analysis, 3) individual tocopherols by a thin-layer gas-liquid chromatographic (TLC-GLC) technique, and 4) dietary intakes of vitamin E, polyunsaturated and saturated lipids, cholesterol and kilocalories. Ten subjects were on Ortho-Novum- or Norinyl-1/50, 8 on Ortho-Novum- or Norinyl-1/80, and 10 had never taken OCs. Analyses of 24-hr recalls and 7-day dietary records revealed no significant differences among groups for intakes of nutrients listed above. No significant differences among groups were observed from hemolytic values. Plasma total tocopherol concentrations measured by spectrophotometric and TLC-GLC techniques revealed that OC-1/80 subjects had significantly lower values than controls. Marginally inadequate vitamin E status as assessed by the various techniques was observed in approximately one subject in the control and OC-1/50 groups and in 2 of the OC-1/80 women. Large individual variations in vitamin E status were observed for subjects in all groups on similar estimated vitamin E intakes. TLC-GLC measurements of total tocopherols in plasma seemed to be perhaps a more sensitive indicator of vitamin E status of subjects than spectrophotometric analysis of tocopherols.

Plasma B6 vitamer and 4-pyridoxic acid concentrations of men fed controlled diets

A rapid and sensitive procedure is described for the analysis of all the B6 vitamers and 4-pyridoxic acid in human plasma utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and fluorometric detection. Pyridoxal phosphate values obtained by radiometric and chromatographic, ultraviolet and fluorometric, assays were highly correlated as were pyridoxine phosphate values determined using both detectors. Plasma B6 vitamer and 4-pyridoxic acid concentrations of 22 men fed diets containing 0.75-0.98 mg of vitamin B6 daily for eight weeks were in the range of reported values; pyridoxal phosphate was their predominant plasma B6 vitamer. This methodology should be useful in the assessment of vitamin B6 requirements.

Vitamin Retention And Sensory Evaluation Of Selected Foods Prepared By Boiling, Boiling-In-Bag, And Steaming Methods

The vitamin C and B6 retentions and sensory qualities of foods prepared by boiling-in-bag were compared with those cooked by conventional methods. Broccoli, carrots, peas, potatoes, and flounder were cooked by boiled (broiled for flounder), boiled-in-bag, and steamed methods to equivalent tenderness. Sensory analysis indicated no significant differences in characteristics of the foods among the preparation methods, except that peas boiled-in-bag and steamed were significantly darker in color than boiled peas, and potatoes boiled- in-bag were significantly more moist than those boiled or steamed. The retention of vitamins C and B6 was higher in foods boiled-in-bag than those which were boiled or steamed.

Vitamin B-6 status of a group of cancer patients

Abstract The vitamin B-6 status of 12 nonmedicated patients with newly diagnosed malignancies of the oral cavity and thorat, lung, or prostate and bladder and 3 nonhospitalized control subjects was determined by coenzyme stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activities and plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels. The subjects were males except for one female each in the lung and control groups; the mean ages of all groups were about 58 yr. All subjects had smoked for over 25 yr. The status parameter values of the patients with the 3 types of malignancies were similar. The typical vitamin B-6 intakes reported by the cancer patients and control subjects were close to 2 mg daily. All of the cancer patients and none of the control subjects had coenzyme stimulation values indicative of vitamin B-6 inadequacy. Low plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were observed in 67% of the cancer patients and none of the controls. Vitamin B-6 inadequacy was observed in most if not all individuals diagnosed as having cancers of the oral cavity and throat, lung, and prostate and bladder.

Separation and quantification of the B6 vitamers in plasma and 4-pyridoxic acid in urine of adolescent girls by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

The vitamin B6 status of seemingly healthy adolescent girls was determined using several accepted and proposed parameters in an effort to establish guidelines for status evaluation. High-performance liquid chromatography-derived plasma B6 vitamers (pyridoxal phosphate, PLP; pyridoxine phosphate. PNP; pyridoxamine phosphate, PMP; pyridoxal, PL; pyridoxine, PN; and pyridoxamine, PM) and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) concentrations and urinary 4-PA levels of 28 white adolescent females, 12-15 years, having radiomonitored plasma PLP concentrations and coenzyme stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activities indicative of adequate status were determined. Mean vitamin B6 and protein intakes were 1.48 mg and 78.3 g. Ranges for plasma B6 vitamer and 4-PA concentrations (nmol/l) were: PLP, 40.9-122.2; PNP, non-detectable (ND)-16.1; PMP, ND-8.1; PL, ND-15; PN, ND-21.9; PM, ND-17.8; and 4-PA, ND-55.7. PLP was the only vitamer found in plasma of all subjects. Urinary 4-PA concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 2.50 mumol/mmol of creatinine. B6 vitamer values of these girls should be of use in the establishment of normal ranges for vitamin B6 status parameters.

Estimated Dietary Intakes of Vitamin B-6

Most of the researchers who have estimated dietary intakes of vitamin B-6 have utilized the composition tables in Home Economics Research Report No. 36 (1). The values given in this bulletin as well as those published by others (2–7) were obtained mainly via microbiological assay, generally Saccharomyces uvarum, ATCC No. 9080. Vitamin B-6 is found mainly bound to the protein portion of foods; however, the vitamin may also be present in food in its free state. Pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM) are the forms of the vitamin usually found in animal products; whereas pyridoxine (ol, PN) is the predominant form in plant products (8). The relative potency of PN, PL, and PM in man has not yet been determined.

Effects of coarse wheat bran fiber and exercise on glucose and insulin levels in moderately overweight men

Abstract Nineteen moderately overweight males, aged 24–35, consumed high (0.5 g wheat bran/kg body weight) and low-fiber breads in a crossover design during 2 successive 6 week periods. Twelve of the subjects participated in a 4 mile walk-jog-run program 3 times weekly. No significant alteration in glucose tolerance and insulin levels, body weights, or % body fats as determined at 0, 6, and 12 weeks was due to the dietary treatment. Although glucose area under the curve was not altered by the exercise program, a significant (ϱ

Nutritional assessment of southern adolescent girls—A review

Adolescent females, particularly blacks and those living in the southern United States, are considered to be at high nutritional risk. The findings of a southern regional study involving 550 black and 691 white adolescent girls are compared to those of subjects of similar ages included in national surveys. Black subjects in the regional study had higher blood pressure values than whites; race differences were observed for body weight, body mass indexes, and arm muscle areas. Girls in the regional as well as the national survey reported consuming low quantities of folate, vitamin B-6, zinc, iron, calcium, and magnesium. The majority of the subjects in the regional study reported having both afternoon and evening snacks. Blacks included in the regional study had higher plasma total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations than the whites. Specific nutritional problems of white and black girls included in the regional study were with regard to folate, vitamin B-6, and zinc as indicated by biochemical analyses.