Jue Hong

Bibliometric analysis of diseases spectrum of moxibustion therapy

摘要目的对1954 至2007 年间有关灸法的针灸论文进行文献计量分析与评价, 以期客观地反映灸法的疾病谱及适宜病症。方法根据《中国现代针灸信息数据库》中的数据, 采用文献计量分析方法进行统计。结果和结论灸法疾病谱涉及364 种病症。 灸法适宜病症为胎位不正、 腹泻、 结肠炎。 常用适宜病症为尿失禁、 痛经。 次常用适宜病症为膝骨关节炎、 颞下颌关节综合征、 软组织损伤、 足跟痛、 哮喘、 尿潴留、 带状疱疹。 灸法疾病谱随着时间的变化也在不断变化。AbstractObjectiveTo make a bibliometric analysis and evaluation of acupuncture-moxibustion papers on moxibustion therapy published from 1954 to 2007, thus to reflect the diseases spectrum of moxibustion therapy and proper indications of moxibustion therapy objectively.MethodsStatistics were taken by a bibliometric analysis of the data from China Modern Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank.Results and ConclusionThe diseases spectrum of moxibustion therapy has 364 kinds of diseases. The most proper indications of moxibustion therapy are malposition, diarrhea, and colitis. The common proper indications are urinary incontinence and dysmenorrhea. The next common proper indications are knee osteoarthritis, temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome, soft tissue injury, heel pain, asthma, urinary retention and herpes zoster. Diseases spectrum of moxibustion therapy varies with time.

Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and the action mechanism of moxibustion

摘要整理近年来炎症性肠病发病机制以及艾灸治疗炎症性肠病机制研究的相关文献, 综述炎症性肠病发病机理的研究现状以及艾灸治疗机制的研究进展, 并对进一步研究艾灸治疗炎症性肠病提出若干设想。AbstractTo organize the researches on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the reports of moxibustion for IBD in recent years, for summarizing the current status of the pathogenesis study on IBD and the mechanism research on moxibustion for IBD, and giving suggestion to the further study on the action of moxibustion in managing this disease.

Moxibustion eases chronic inflammatory visceral pain through regulating MEK, ERK and CREB in rats

AIM To investigate the effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) on phosphorylation of mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in spinal cord of rats with chronic inflammatory visceral pain (CIVP), and to explore the central mechanism of HPM in treating CIVP. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal, model, HPM, sham-HPM, MEK-inhibitor and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) groups. The CIVP model was established using an enema mixture of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol. HPM was applied at bilateral Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6) acupoints in the HPM group, while in the sham-HPM group, moxa cones and herb cakes were only placed on the same points but not ignited. The MEK-inhibitor and DMSO groups received L5-L6 intrathecal injection of U0126 and 30% DMSO, respectively. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were applied for the assessment of pain behavior. The colonic tissue was observed under an optical microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of phosphor (p)MEK1, pERK1/2 and pCREB in rat spinal cord was detected using Western blotting. The levels of MEK, ERK and CREB mRNA in rat spinal cord were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the AWR scores were increased significantly (P < 0.01) and the MWT and TWL scores were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the model, sham-HPM and DMSO groups. Compared with the model group, the AWR scores were decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and the MWT and TWL scores were increased significantly in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham-HPM and DMSO groups, the AWR scores were decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and the MWT and TWL scores were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups. Compared with the normal group, the expression of pMEK1, pERK1/2 and pCREB proteins and the levels of MEK, ERK and CREB mRNA in rat spinal cord were increased significantly in the model, sham-HPM and DMSO groups (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of pMEK1, pERK1/2 and pCREB proteins and the levels of MEK, ERK and CREB mRNA in rat spinal cord were reduced significantly in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Compared with the sham-HPM and DMSO groups, expression of pMEK1, pERK1/2 and pCREB proteins and the levels of MEK, ERK and CREB mRNA in rat spinal cord were reduced significantly in the HPM and MEK-inhibitor groups (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). CONCLUSION HPM down-regulates protein phosphorylation of MEK1, ERK1/2 and CREB, and mRNA expression of MEK, ERK and CREB, inhibiting activation of the MEK/ERK/CREB signaling pathway in the spinal cord of CIVP rats, which is possibly a critical central mechanism of the analgesic effect of HPM.

Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion and the miRNAs Related to Crohn’s Disease: A Study Based on Rat Models

Crohns disease (CD) is a major subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) has been proven to be effective in treating CD by a large amount of clinical and experimental researches. MiRNAs (microRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important posttranscriptional regulators of inflammatory genes. In this study, we established experimental CD rat models and investigated the miRNAs associated with the onset of experimental CD; then, we further identified CD-related miRNAs that were regulated by HPM and explored the relationship between CD and the potential target genes of involved miRNAs. We found that miR-147 and miR-205 were significantly downregulated in colons of experimental CD rats and may be closely associated with the onset of experimental CD. HPM may extenuate inflammatory responses in colons and ameliorate colonic damages in CD via upregulating the expression of miR-147 and miR-205 and then further downregulating the expression of inflammation-related mRNAs, negatively regulating inflammatory signal pathways, and reducing the production of downstream inflammatory cytokines.

Research on acupuncture-moxibustion for dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a commonly encountered ophthalmological disease, with a relatively high incidence, and expects an effective treatment method. Acupuncture-moxibustion therapy promotes tear production of lacrimal gland without causing a trauma, and thus has a great advantage in treating DES. Through literature analysis, this article summarized the research progress in both clinical practice and mechanism of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating DES during the recent 10 years, for providing valuable references for the application of acupuncture-moxibustion for DES.

Acupuncture for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta analysis

ObjectiveTo analyze and review the clinical efficacy of acupuncture (including electroacupuncture) alone for allergic rhinitis (AR) and to compare its efficacy with antihistamines and Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet.MethodsThe search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria were made according to the principle of evidence-based medicine. We performed a systematic search on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis between January 1990 and December 2015. The quality was evaluated by Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1, and the meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 version.ResultsTwenty eligible RCTs were included into the meta-analysis after selection. Compared with antihistamines, the meta-analysis showed RR=1.24>1, 95%CI[1.15, 1.33], P<0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines; MD = –0.93<0, 95%CI[–1.22,–0.63], P<0.00001, indicating that acupuncture is better than antihistamines in decreasing the total nasal symptom score (TNSS) in AR patients; and MD = 1.46>0, 95%CI[–10.84, 13.75], P = 0.82, indicating that there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in regulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) in AR patients. Compared with Bi Yan Kang Tablet, the meta-analysis has shown RR = 1.50>1, 95%CI[1.30, 1.73], P<0.00001, indicating that acupuncture achieved a better total effective rate for AR than Chinese patent medicine Bi Yan Kang Tablet.ConclusionAcupuncture alone can achieve a better total effective rate for AR than antihistamines and Bi Yan Kang Tablet. It is also better than antihistamines in improving clinical symptom scores; however, whether acupuncture is better than Bi Yan Kang Tablet needs further proof. As far as current data are concerned, there was no statistical difference between acupuncture and antihistamines in improving serum IgE; further study is needed in this regard. The risk of bias due to absent randomization methods or blinding implementation decreased the evidence level of the overall conclusion.摘要目的分析评价单纯针刺(包含单纯电针)对过敏性鼻炎(AR)的临床疗效, 并与抗组胺药物治疗以及中成药鼻炎康片治疗进行对照观察。方法按照循证医学的要求, 制定原始文献的检索策略、纳入标准及排除标准, 检 索中国知网(CNKI)、万方学术期刊全文数据库(Wanfang)、重庆维普数据库(CQVIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、 PubMed、荷兰医学文摘 (EMBASE)、科学网、Cochrane 图书馆和Cochrane 随机对照试验注册中心中1990 年1 月至2015 年12 月间针刺治疗AR 的随机对照(RCTs)临床研究文献,以Cochrane 系统评价手册5.1 进行质量评价, 采 用RevMan 5.3 对纳入文献进行meta 分析。结果共20 篇文献符合纳入标准。meta 分析显示, 针刺与抗组胺药 物比较, 合并RR = 1.24>1, 95%CI[1.15, 1.33], P<0.00001, 提示针刺治疗AR 临床总有效率优于抗组胺药物;合并 MD = –0.93<0, 95%CI[–1.22,–0.63], P<0.00001, 提示针刺降低AR 患者鼻部症状评分的效果优于抗组胺药物; 合 并MD = 1.46>0, 95%CI[–10.84, 13.75], P = 0.82, 提示针刺对AR 患者血清免疫球蛋白E (IgE)的影响与抗组胺药物 无统计学差异。针刺与中成药鼻炎康片比较, 合并RR = 1.50>1, 95%CI[1.30, 1.73], P<0.00001, 提示针刺治疗AR 临床总有效率优于口服鼻炎康片。结论单纯针刺治疗AR 临床总有效率优于抗组胺药物治疗和中成药鼻炎康治 疗, 同时对于改善AR 患者临床症状评分也优于抗组胺药物治疗, 但从现有数据无法得知是否优于中成药鼻炎康片。在改善血清IgE 方面, 目前数据显示, 单纯针刺效果与抗组胺药物治疗无统计学差异, 有待进一步研究。在所 纳入的随机对照临床文献中, 随机方法不详, 盲法实施缺失, 造成一定的偏倚风险, 因此降低了整体结论的证据 级别。

Acupuncture-moxibustion at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points for intervertebral disc herniation: A systematic review

By organizing and classifying the literatures related to acupuncture-moxibustion at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points in treating intervertebral disc herniation (IDH) published before December 31, 2013, to summarize the application status and features of Jiaji (EX-B 2) points. It’s found that its most favorable indication is IDH. It also further analyzed the action mechanism of acupuncture-moxibustion at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points in treating IDH, and brought up some ideas to highlight the further study.摘要通过检索和整理2013 年12 月31 日以前发表的夹脊穴相关文献, 总结夹脊穴在现代临床中的应用现状和特点, 并得出其绝对优势病种为椎间盘突出症。继而进一步分析针灸夹脊穴治疗椎间盘突出症的作用机制, 讨论现存问题, 并对下一步研究针灸夹脊穴提出若干设想。

Herb-partitioned moxibustion alleviates colon injuries in ulcerative colitis rats

AIM To observe the effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) on expression of colonic cytokines in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats. METHODS A UC rat model was established by protein immunization in combination with topical chemical stimulation. Rats in the HPM group (n = 8) received HPM at bilateral Tianshu (ST25) points. The gross injury and pathological scores of the colon were recorded. The expression profile of colonic cytokines was assayed using the protein microarray technique. Specific differential cytokines were selected and verified by ELISA. The corresponding UniProt Accessions of the differentially expressed cytokines were retrieved in the UniProt database. The pathways involved were analyzed with the help of the KEGG PATHWAY database. The DAVID database was used for functional cluster and pathway analysis. RESULTS HPM improved colon injuries in UC rats, manifested by accelerated repair of ulcers and alleviation of inflammation, and the gross injury and pathological scores both significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Fold change > 1.3 or < 0.77 was taken as the screening standard. There were 77 down-regulated and 9 up-regulated differentially expressed colonic cytokines in the HPM group compared with the model group, and expression of 20 differed significantly (P < 0.05). Twelve of the 20 significantly differentially expressed cytokines [β-catenin, interleukin-1 receptor 6 (IL-1R6), IL-1β, B7-1, nerve growth factor receptor, AMP-activated protein kinase-α1, neuropilin-2, orexin A, adipocyte differentiation-related protein, IL-2, Fas and FasL] were up-regulated in the model group (n = 3, compared with the normal group) but down-regulated in the HPM group (n = 3, compared with the model group). Functional cluster analysis showed that the differentially expressed colonic cytokines in the HPM group regulated apoptosis and protein phosphorylation. KEGG pathway analysis showed that 52 down-regulated and 7 up-regulated differentially expressed colonic cytokines in the HPM group had pathways. The pathways that interacted between the cytokines and their receptors accounted for the largest proportion (28 of the down-regulated and 5 of the up-regulated cytokines). CONCLUSION HPM promotes the repair of colon injuries in UC rats, which is related to the regulation of several abnormally expressed cytokines.

Effect of moxibustion on CRF and CRFR1 expressions in hypothalamus of TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of moxibustion on the protein and mRNA expressions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) in hypothalamus of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis rats, and to explore the central mechanisms of moxibustion in improving visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in experimental colitis rats.MethodsThirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), a herb-partitioned moxibustion group (HPMG) and a sham herb-partitioned moxibustion group (SHPMG). Except the NG, rats in the remaining three groups all received TNBS enema to establish experimental colitis models. The HPMG received herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Qihai (CV 6) for intervention; for the SHPMG, the herbal cakes and moxa cones were only placed on the acupoints but not ignited; rats in the MG and NG were only fixed in the same way as those in the HPMG but did not receive any treatment. At the end of the intervention, the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score, the open field test (OFT) score and the elevated plus maze (EPM) score were observed to measure the changes in visceral pain and pain-related emotions of the rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins in hypothalamus; the fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expressions of CRF and CRFR1 mRNAs in hypothalamus.ResultsCompared with the NG, the AWR score increased significantly and the OFT and EPM scores dropped significantly in the MG (all P<0.05), and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs increased significantly (all P<0.01). Compared with the MG and SHPMG, the AWR score dropped significantly and the OFT and EPM scores increased significantly in the HPMG (all P<0.01), and the expressions of hypothalamic CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs decreased significantly (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the MG and the SHPMG (all P>0.05).ConclusionHPM can down-regulate the abnormally increased expressions of CRF and CRFR1 proteins and mRNAs in hypothalamus of the TNBS-induced experimental colitis rats, which is plausibly one of its action mechanisms in mitigating visceral pain and the pain-related emotions in the experimental colitis rats.摘要目的观察艾灸对三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导的实验性结肠炎大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)及其受体1(CRFR1)蛋白及mRNA表达的影响, 探讨艾灸改善实验性结肠炎大鼠内脏痛及痛情绪的中枢机制。方法将36只Sprague-Dawley (SD)大鼠采用完全随机方法分为正常组、模型组、隔药灸组和假隔药灸组。除正常组外,其余三组大鼠均采用TNBS灌肠制备实验性结肠炎模型。隔药灸组采用双侧天枢、气海穴隔药灸治疗; 假隔药灸组仅在穴位上放置药饼和艾炷, 但不点燃艾炷; 模型组和正常组均不进行治疗, 只做与隔药灸组相同的固定。治疗结束后, 检测各组大鼠腹壁撤回反射(AWR)、旷场实验(OFT)和高架十字迷宫测试(EPM)评分, 观察各组大鼠内脏痛和痛情绪变化; 采用ELISA技术检测各组大鼠下丘脑CRF和CRFR1的蛋白含量; 应用荧光定量PCR技术检测各组大鼠下丘脑CRF和CRFR1 mRNA的表达。结果与正常组比较, 模型组大鼠AWR评分显著升高; OFT、EPM评分显著降低(均P<0.05); 下丘脑CRF和CRFR1蛋白及mRNA表达均显著升高(均P<0.01)。与模型组和假隔药灸组比较; 隔药灸组大鼠AWR评分显著降低; OFT、EPM评分显著升高(均P<0.01), 下丘脑CRF和CRFR1蛋白及mRNA表达均显著降低(均P<0.05)。假隔药灸组与模型组比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论隔药灸能降低TNBS诱导的实验性结肠炎大鼠下丘脑异常增高的CRF和CRFR1蛋白及mRNA的表达, 该作用可能是其缓解实验性结肠炎大鼠内脏痛及痛情绪的作用机制之一。

Clinical observation of Zhen’ai needling method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) on improving quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Zhen’ai needling method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) on quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsA total of 99 patients with AR who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a conventional needling group (51 cases) and a Zhen’ai needling group (48 cases). The conventional needling group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4), Juliao (ST 3), Yingxiang (LI 20), Yintang (GV 29), Shangxing (GV 23) and Baihui (GV 20). The Zhen’ai needling group added acupoints of Zhen’ai needling method {Lieque (LU 7), Shanglianquan [Extra, located at 1 cun above Lianquan (CV 23)] and Tianrong (SI 17)} in addition to points in the conventional needling group. The needles were retained for 30 min. The treatment was performed twice a week. All patients were assessed by total nasal symptom score (TNSS), total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and sino-nasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20) before and after 15 treatments to evaluate the quality of life. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after 15 treatments.ResultsDuring the treatment, 8 cases dropped out in the conventional needling group and 7 cases in the Zhen’ai needling group. There were no significant differences in TNSS, TOSS and SNOT-20 scores between the two groups before treatment (all P>0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate of the Zhen’ai needling group was 92.7%, versus 88.4% in the conventional needling group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in TNSS and TOSS scores (both P>0.05). The SNOT-20 score of the Zhen’ai needling group was lower than that of the conventional needling group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were statistical differences between the two groups in the scores of cough and nasal reflux (to the throat) of the NOT-20 scale (both P<0.05).ConclusionBoth Zhen’ai needling method and conventional acupuncture are effective in the treatment of AR. Zhen’ai needling method has a better effect than conventional acupuncture in improving cough and nasal reflux (to the throat) in AR patients.摘要目的观察《内经》振埃法针刺对变应性鼻炎(AR)患者生存质量的影响。方法符合纳入标准的AR患者99例, 按就诊顺序随机分为两组, 常规组51例, 振埃组48例。常规组予以针刺足三里、合谷、巨髎、迎香、印堂、上星和百会治疗, 振埃组在常规组取穴基础上加刺振埃法穴位(列缺、上廉泉和天容)。每次留针30 min, 每周治疗 2次。所有患者在治疗前及治疗15次后进行鼻症状评分表(TNSS)、全眼症状评分表(TOSS)及20项鼻腔鼻窦结局评分 表(SNOT-20)评分, 以评价患者的生存质量, 并于治疗15次后进行疗效评定。结果治疗过程中, 常规组脱落8例,振埃组脱落7例。治疗前两组TNSS、TOSS和SNOT-20评分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后, 振埃组总有效 率92.7%, 常规组为88.4%, 组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组TNSS和TOSS评分无统计学差异(均 P>0.05); 振埃组SNOT-20评分低于常规组, 组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 两组NOT-20量表中咳嗽及鼻涕倒 流(咽喉)两项分值具有统计学差异(均P<0.05)。结论振埃法针刺与常规针刺治疗AR均有效; 振埃法针刺在改善AR患者咳嗽及鼻涕倒流(咽喉)并发症方面优于常规针刺。