Juffrizal Karjanto

The Exploration of Autonomous Vehicle Driving Styles: Preferred Longitudinal, Lateral, and Vertical Accelerations

This paper describes a new approach in exploring preferred driving styles for autonomous vehicles through simulation of autonomous driving in real road conditions. A Wizard experiment with an equipped car was conducted to investigate the preferences of people with different driving styles, assertive and defensive, for three autonomous vehicle driving styles (defensive, assertive and light rail transit), inducing different acceleration forces, at three different road profiles. Subjective and objective measurements were collected. The results show that the defensive driving style was preferred and there were variations between participants related to their own driving style. The results indicate that the preferences of assertive drivers for the driving style of an autonomous vehicle may not match their own driving style. Yet, users of future autonomous vehicles should be able to indicate and adjust the driving behaviour of an autonomous vehicle to their own preferences in order to maximize comfort in travelling experience.

Situation Awareness in Automated Vehicles through Proximal Peripheral Light Signals

With the rise of automated vehicles, car drivers will be given the opportunity to perform other tasks or activities than controlling the vehicle. However, in a car that is not entirely automated, a human driver might need to manually take over control at some point. When such a situation occurs, awareness of the traffic situation is considered essential. In this study, we evaluate a design that aims to enable the driver of an automated car to perform a task (other than driving) while still gaining situation awareness through peripheral light signals. The results show that proximal peripheral light signals can increase the situation awareness of a driver while performing an alternative task or activity.

Gesture-based and haptic interfaces for connected and autonomous driving

While user interfaces for in-vehicle systems in the market are mostly button- and screen-based, advances in electronic technology provide designers with new design opportunities. In this paper, we propose applications of these novel technologies for several aspects of the current and future driving context. We explore opportunities for gesture-based and haptic interfaces in three different areas: establishing shared control between the driver and the autonomous vehicle; providing situation awareness to users of autonomous vehicles while engaged in other activities; connecting drivers to fellow drivers. We argue that these interface technologies hold the promise of creating richer and more natural interaction than the traditional vision- and audio-based interfaces that dominate the current market. We conclude by outlining steps for further research.

Development of System Identification for Piezoelectric Patch Actuator

This paper presents the development of the system identification (SI) for the highly nonlinear piezoelectric patch actuator. The transfer function is determined by using the nonlinear least square (NLS) method after the direct measurements of input-output data are taken from the actuator that is installed on a well-equipped platform. The results were validated to ensure that the transfer function derived fits well with the experimental output.

Experimental Setup of Motion Sickness and Situation Awareness in Automated Vehicle Riding Experience

Automated vehicle users are likely to engage in non-driving tasks while traveling. Most of these activities require their visual attention and prevent them from getting information from outside vehicle. This leads to motion sickness symptom because of conflicts to what they see and what they feel during traveling. In this paper, an experiment is designed to study the effect of enhancing situation awareness by providing haptic feedback to mitigate the motion sickness inside a vehicle while doing a non-driving task. A preliminary study (N=10) shows that the experimental setup has promising results that can provide insightful information between situation awareness and motion sickness for future car designers.

An Expert Machine Tools Selection System for Turning Operation

The turning machining process is an important process in the manufacturing industry. It is important to select the right tool for the turning process so that the manufacturing cost will be decreased. The main objective of this research is to select the most suitable machine tools with respect to user input requirement. The selection criteria are based on rule based expert system and multi-criteria weighted average method. The developed system consists of Knowledge Acquisition Module, Machine Tool Selection Module, User Interface Module and Help Module. The system capable of selecting the most suitable machine along with its full specification and ranks the machines based on criteria weighted. The main benefits from using the system is to reduce the complexity in the decision making for selecting the most appropriate machine tools to suit one requirement in the turning process for manufacturing industry.

A rule-based industrial boiler selection system

Boiler is a device used for generating the steam for power generation, process use or heating, and hot water for heating purposes. Steam boiler consists of the containing vessel and convection heating surfaces only, whereas a steam generator covers the whole unit, encompassing water wall tubes, super heaters, air heaters and economizers. The selection of the boiler is very important to the industry for conducting the operation system successfully. The selection criteria are based on rule based expert system and multi-criteria weighted average method. The developed system consists of Knowledge Acquisition Module, Boiler Selection Module, User Interface Module and Help Module. The system capable of selecting the suitable boiler based on criteria weighted. The main benefits from using the system is to reduce the complexity in the decision making for selecting the most appropriate boiler to palm oil process plant.

Tensile Behavior of Polypropylene Reinforced with Comminutes Extracted from Out-of-Condition Aerospace Grade Carbon Fiber Prepreg Waste

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics are in demand for high performance composites, particularly for the aircraft industry. Waste disposal of carbon fiber in the form of off-cuts, out of life of prepreg and end-of-life components lead to the environmental pollution. This study focuses on the processing and characterization of carbon fiber prepreg comminutes reinforced polypropylene (PP) produced by melt compounding using an internal mixer. In this study, end-of-life carbon fiber prepreg were crushed into fine fibers and dried in oven at 220°C for one hour. It was divided into two types; (1) partially cured carbon fiber prepreg (c-CFP) and, (2) fully cured carbon fiber prepreg (c-CF). The composites were prepared by melt compounding in a Haake internal mixer at 180°C, 50 rpm for 10 minutes. Samples were tested for tensile properties (ASTM D638) and the morphology of fractured surface was observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Increasing carbon fiber in polypropylene was found to increase the Young’s modulus of the composites, but decreased the tensile strength. However, the tensile strength of composites with c-CFP were observed to surpass the neat PP at every loading level. Whereas for composites with c-CF the tensile strength was comparable to the neat PP only within the range of 3 – 5 wt.%.

Performance of Home-Scale Incinerator in Releasing NOx and Hydrocarbon Gaseous

Treatment of municipal solid waste has been performed by home-scale incinerator (HSI) to identify the gas emission formation and to evaluate the safety level of gases from home scale incinerator (HSI). Incineration of kitchen waste, disposable diapers and yard waste were performed with 1.5 kg for different time of combustion and observed every 5 minutes. These three wastes emitted at different value of NOx due to the composition of waste. The highest value of NOx obtained from kitchen waste was 23 ppm after 25 minutes, disposable diapers was 40 ppm after 20 minutes and yard waste was 56 ppm after 15 minutes. According to Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines, the emitted NOx gas from HSI meet the requirement while HC did not meet the requirement.

Numerical Modeling of Air-Based Bus Seat

Travel with long hours will create discomfort feeling for passenger especially express bus passenger. Long hour travel will create physiological stress on passenger. It may due to seat space limitation, noise, vibration, seat hardness as well as seat comfort. Seat comfort is a subjective feeling that related to psychological aspect of passenger. In this project, the bus passenger seat is integrated with air-based and gel-based material. In Malaysia, most of the express coaches are using polyurethane foam based cushion in the seat padding. This type of the seat padding may cause a bus passenger who sit for long journey will feel uncomfortable and fatigue. There are two main causes which lead to seating discomfort which is vibration and pressure distribution on the seat. The new design a bus passenger seat is using air-based cushion to improve the seating comfort. The air-based seat was validated by using MatLab SimuLINK software. In the model validation process, the parameters of air cell height gave effect on the pressure change rate of air cushion model. The comfortable level of the air cushion could be improved by reducing the pressure change rate and cell height.