Julia Hörnle

Cross-border online gambling law and policy

Contents: 1. Introduction: What is at Stake? 2. Social Policy and Regulatory Models 3. Impact of National Regulation on Cross-Border Services 4. National Regulation of Online Gambling as a Trade Restriction 5. EU Conflicts of Law Issues - Part 1 Jurisdiction 6. EU Conflicts of Law Issues - Part 2 Applicable Law 7. EU Conflicts of Law Issues - Part 3 Enforcement of Judgments 8. Concluding Thoughts Bibliography

E-COMMERCE — COMPETITION: COMPETITION AND E-COMMERCE

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the main competition issues regarding the provision of Internet content from a European perspective. Some of the analysis is prospective and speculative in nature as the main issues are only beginning to crystallise and the Commission is in the process of reforming EU competition law.

Global Views on Internet Jurisdiction and Trans-border Access

This paper offers insights and perspectives on the jurisdiction of law enforcement authorities (LEAs) under international law and reviews current approaches to the territoriality principle and trans-border access to data for LEAs to conduct criminal investigations; controversial topics that are currently in the center of discussions, both at the international and national level. The views and perspectives offered in this paper seek to contribute to the international debate on cross-border access to data by LEAs and how the principles on internet jurisdiction should evolve in order to turn the administration of the criminal justice system more efficient, dynamic and compliant with the needs to obtain and secure evidence while respecting data protection safeguards.

Introduction: What is at Stake?

Matt attends Gamblers Anonymous meetings. He is addicted to online gambling and in particular online betting and casinos. In his bad, obsessive times he spent more than ten hours several times a week in front of the computer screen until the early hours of the morning, not caring about anything or anyone else. He realized for the first time something was wrong with him when he gambled away the money he and his girlfriend had saved for a holiday. Eventually he got into debt and hoping to recover the money, he placed higher and higher stakes, enjoying the adrenalin rushes caused by this. But when he lost, and he lost many times, he could not face up to his losses and suffered from depression and low self-esteem. He borrowed from friends and family, promising them to invest the money and entangled himself in a web of lies, ultimately costing him his job, the relationship with his girlfriend and child, his friends and his home.1