Julian B. Roebuck

A Typology of Police Corruption

This paper postulates an empirical typology of police corruption derived from a content analysis of the literature (1960-1972) and the police work experience of one of the authors. Police corruption is analyzed as a form of organizational deviance hinging primarily on informal police peer group norms. Contradictions among formal norms, informal norms, and situational rules are indicated. Eight types of police corruption are delineated: (l) Corruption of Authority, (2) Kickbacks, (3) Opportunistic Theft, (4) Shakedowns, (5) Protection of Illegal Activities, (6) The Fix, (7) Direct Criminal Activities, and (8) Internal Payoffs. The types are analyzed along several dimensions: (1) acts and actors, (2) norm violations, (3) support from peer group, (4) organizational degree of deviant practices, and (5) police departments reactions.

Attitudes toward Premarital Sex and Sexual Behavior Among Black High School Girls

This study examines the premarital sexual attitudes and behavior of black high school girls. An attempt is made to relate family structure, social class, and religious participation to these attitudes and behavior. Analysis of the data supported an hypothesis specifying a relationship between family structure and sexual attitudes and behavior. Social class appears to slightly influence attitudes, but behavior of girls from different social classes is very similar. No relationship was found between religious participation and premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. Of interest are incongruities in expressed attitudes and behavior and a tendency for high religious participants to be as permissive or more so than the girls who are less active in the church.

Ficheras and free-lancers: Prostitution in a Mexican Border city

Research on prostitution generally underlines the precarious nature of this occupation. Prostitutes are vulnerable to police harrassment and are often victimized by their clients. The present study, focusing on a large Mexican city bordering on the United States, reveals the remarkable stability of prostitution, perhaps the most lucrative industry in the municipality studied. Utilizing interviews with public health officials, police, taxi drivers, and prostitutes themselves, the researchers developed a typology of prostitution bars in Border City, according to the kind of arrangement between prostitute and employer. Two sectors of prostitution bars were studied, one sector catering principally to American citizens, the other to Mexican citizens. Finally, data supplied by the Health Department of Border City revealed a limited number of background characteristics of the registered prostitutes. The overall picture shows a confluence of stabilizing factors connected with the bar setting and registration system. Prostitutes are protected from police harrassment, receive regular medical checkups, and meet with clients in a situation minimizing risks of being cheated or robbed. In a wider perspective, northern Mexicos favorable income and employment advantages over other Mexican states tend to attract a steady flow of potential recruits to Border Citys prostitution industry. These conditions, together with the continued presence of military personnel as clients in the neighboring American city, suggest the continuance of a flourishing and perhaps unique example of prostitution as a relatively stable occupation.

The After-Hours Club: An Illegal Social Organization and Its Client System

THIS PAPER EXPLORES Reiss’ proposition that &dquo;much individual deviance is intricately linked to organized systems and organizations that also are defined as deviant&dquo; (Reiss, 1968: 62). It encompasses a study of the structure and functions of a particular deviant organization, as well as the interactional patterns of this organization’s employees and patrons. The Rendezvous (a pseudonym), the after-hours club under study, located in a Northeastern city of two million people, is a deviant place in Lofland’s sense (1969: 168-172), i.e., it is an organization that operates outside of the law, is imputed to be a deviant place, and caters to a clientele including a potpourri of

Institutional control and the christmas festival in a maximum security penitentiary

This article analyzes the relationship between the social structure of a southern penitentiary and the character of its Christmas festival at two points in time, one prior to and one after court-ordered reforms. Prior to the reforms Christmas involved a vibrant collective celebration during which the normally brutal system of inmate control was temporarily relaxed and both inmates and guards engaged in a wide range of unusual behaviors. Recent extensive reforms, which made the prisons system of control more bureaucratic and legalistic, were accompanied by the decline and near disappearance of the festival. The findings show that different social structures and systems of social control generate different institutional celebrations.

A TIME TO DIE, Tom Wicker, New York: Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Compan y, 1975. 322 pp.

Our own research, however, has revealed some startling facts about the practical effects of Operation Intercept. Small-time operators were replaced by the more professional and organized smugglers. Improved technology (the use of boats and planes) rapidly took over, thereby circumventing the border patrol with these more sophisticated practices. The quantity of marijuana entering the country was hardly affected in the short run by this government practice, while in the long run the supply was made more secure.