Juliana dos Santos Ornellas

Technical error of measurement in anthropometry

Las medidas antropometricas estan siendo ampliamente utilizadas para el acompanamiento y el desenvolvimiento de ninos, en la verificacion de las adaptaciones en respuesta a entrenamiento, en la selecion de atletas y en estudios de caracterizacion etnica, entre varias otras areas. El control da la calidad de esas medidas va a resultar en datos mas confiables y medidas antropometricas mas precisas. El proposito del presente estudio es el de difundir la estrategia para la obtencion del error tecnico de medicion (ETM), siguiendo la metodologia de Kevin Norton y Tim Olds (2000) y evaluar el desempeno de empleados de laboratorio. Tres antropometristas del Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Ejercicio (Labofise) de la Universidad del Brasil fueron evaluados. Ellos realizaron las medidas de pliegues cutaneos (Cescorf, 0.1mm) en nueve diferentes puntos antropometricos de 35 voluntarios (25,45 ± 9,96 anos). Para las medidas, fue adoptada la padronizacion de la International Society for Advancement in Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Para la verificacion del ETM intra-evaluador, las medidas fueron realizadas en los mismos voluntarios en dos dias diferentes; y, para la obtencion del ETM inter-avaliador, las medidas fueron hechas en un mismo grupo de voluntarios, en el mesmo dia, por los tres antropometristas. Los resultados apuntaron ETMs no aceptables apenas para dos evaluadores en el analisis intra-evaluador. Los demas ETMs alcanzaron resultados aceptables. Los ETMs no aceptables demostraron la necesidad de entrenamiento tecnico de los antropometristas, de modo de minimizar la variabilidad constatada.

Cálculo do erro técnico de medição em antropometria

Las medidas antropometricas estan siendo ampliamente utilizadas para el acompanamiento y el desenvolvimiento de ninos, en la verificacion de las adaptaciones en respuesta a entrenamiento, en la selecion de atletas y en estudios de caracterizacion etnica, entre varias otras areas. El control da la calidad de esas medidas va a resultar en datos mas confiables y medidas antropometricas mas precisas. El proposito del presente estudio es el de difundir la estrategia para la obtencion del error tecnico de medicion (ETM), siguiendo la metodologia de Kevin Norton y Tim Olds (2000) y evaluar el desempeno de empleados de laboratorio. Tres antropometristas del Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Ejercicio (Labofise) de la Universidad del Brasil fueron evaluados. Ellos realizaron las medidas de pliegues cutaneos (Cescorf, 0.1mm) en nueve diferentes puntos antropometricos de 35 voluntarios (25,45 ± 9,96 anos). Para las medidas, fue adoptada la padronizacion de la International Society for Advancement in Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Para la verificacion del ETM intra-evaluador, las medidas fueron realizadas en los mismos voluntarios en dos dias diferentes; y, para la obtencion del ETM inter-avaliador, las medidas fueron hechas en un mismo grupo de voluntarios, en el mesmo dia, por los tres antropometristas. Los resultados apuntaron ETMs no aceptables apenas para dos evaluadores en el analisis intra-evaluador. Los demas ETMs alcanzaron resultados aceptables. Los ETMs no aceptables demostraron la necesidad de entrenamiento tecnico de los antropometristas, de modo de minimizar la variabilidad constatada.

Transtorno do comportamento alimentar em atletas de elite de nado sincronizado

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to identify the Eating Behavior Disorder (EBD) or precursory syndromes and the level of distortion of the body image of elite synchronized swimming athletes. This sport modality is considered of risk for development of eating disorders for valuing, among other aspects, the softness and beauty of movements, which, partly, are associated to low body mass. METHODS: Twenty-seven synchronized swimmers, grouped as Junior (15.6 ± 0.8 years) or 08 as senior category (19.0 ± 1.3 years) were studied. A group of 32 non-athletes adolescents (15.0 ± 1.6 years) was used for comparison with the athletes. For the analysis Three instruments were used in accordance with the objective of the evaluation: 1- Eat-26-presence of inadequate eating behaviors; 2-BITE-presence of suggestive attitudes of Bulimia and 3-BSQ-dissatisfaction of body self-image. RESULTS: The athletes and the non-athletes presented compatible anthropometrical parameters with healthy standards for age and sex; however, there is evidence of body image dissatisfaction associated with pathological control of body weight. CONCLUSIONS: The results found in the present study portray a worldwide trend of concern with the appearance among adolescents which is capable of leading them to the adoption of unhealthy behaviors.

Interpretation of the mechanisms related to the muscular strength gradation through accelerometry

The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal and spectral components of the muscle contractions in different contraction levels through the accelerometry. Fifteen male and twelve female right-handed individuals participated in this study. The trial was constituted by a maximal workload (MW) test that allowed to determine five different workloads (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of MW) which, by its turn, allowed to determine five percentage workloads during the strength test (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the MW) in isometry during eight seconds each of them. A biaxial accelerometer was put on the muscular abdomen of the right brachii biceps muscle. The mean square root (RMS value), a temporal parameter, and the mean frequency (MFE), a spectral parameter were extracted from the accelerometry signals (MMG signals). Such parameters were analyzed towards the X (perpendicular to the fibers) and Y (parallel to the fibers) directions. Both groups presented a descent behavior pattern of the loaded MFE (Y), and the most accentuated was the female group. The MFE variable (X) in the female group presented similar behavior before the MFE (Y), and it was observed a statistically significant difference only between 20% of the MW and every other workload (p = 0.0022 for 40% and p < 0.0001 for the remaining). The male group did not present any statistically significant difference between workloads. The RMS value (Y) presented an ascent behavior with the workload in both genders, presenting differences between the 20% and 40% workloads of the MW (p = 0.000), and 80% and 100% of the MW (p = 0.01) in the male group. But it was observed no statistically significant difference between workloads in the female group. It is argued that during the muscular contraction, there is non-uniform variations on the fibers diameter, besides the low frequency lateral oscillations. Such information seems to have strong correlation between the type of the fibers, and this could contribute for a better clarification on the possible mechanisms involved in the gradation process of the muscular strength.O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as componentes temporais e espectrais dos abalos musculares em diferentes niveis de contracao muscular atraves da acelerometria. Participaram do estudo 15 individuos do sexo masculino e 12 do feminino, todos destros. O experimento constou de um teste de carga maxima (CM) que permitiu determinar cinco cargas percentuais administradas durante os testes de forca (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da CM), em isometria e por oito segundos cada. Um acelerometro biaxial foi colocado sobre o ventre muscular do biceps braquial direito. A raiz media quadratica (valor RMS), um parâmetro temporal, e a frequencia media (FME), um parâmetro espectral, foram extraidas dos sinais de acelerometria (sinal de MMG). Estes parâmetros foram analisados nas direcoes X (perpendicular as fibras) e Y (paralela as fibras). Ambos os grupos apresentaram comportamento decrescente da FME (Y) com a carga, sendo mais pronunciado para o grupo feminino. A variavel FME (X), no grupo feminino, apresentou comportamento semelhante a FME (Y), sendo apenas observada diferenca estatistica significativa entre 20% da CM e todas as demais cargas (p = 0,0022 para 40% e p < 0,0001 para as demais). O grupo masculino nao apresentou diferenca estatistica significativa entre as cargas. O valor RMS (Y) apresentou comportamento crescente com a carga para ambos os grupos, havendo diferencas entre as cargas de 20% e 40% da CM (p = 0,000) e 80%, e 100% da CM (p = 0,01) para o grupo masculino. No entanto, nao foi observada diferenca estatistica significativa entre as cargas para o grupo feminino. Discute-se que durante a contracao muscular ocorrem variacoes nao uniformes do diâmetro da fibra, alem de oscilacoes laterais de baixa frequencia. Estas informacoes parecem ter forte correlacao com a tipagem de fibras, o que poderia contribuir para melhor esclarecer os possiveis mecanismos envolvidos durante o processo de gradacao da forca muscular.

Interpretação dos mecanismos de gradação da força muscular através da acelerometria

The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal and spectral components of the muscle contractions in different contraction levels through the accelerometry. Fifteen male and twelve female right-handed individuals participated in this study. The trial was constituted by a maximal workload (MW) test that allowed to determine five different workloads (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of MW) which, by its turn, allowed to determine five percentage workloads during the strength test (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the MW) in isometry during eight seconds each of them. A biaxial accelerometer was put on the muscular abdomen of the right brachii biceps muscle. The mean square root (RMS value), a temporal parameter, and the mean frequency (MFE), a spectral parameter were extracted from the accelerometry signals (MMG signals). Such parameters were analyzed towards the X (perpendicular to the fibers) and Y (parallel to the fibers) directions. Both groups presented a descent behavior pattern of the loaded MFE (Y), and the most accentuated was the female group. The MFE variable (X) in the female group presented similar behavior before the MFE (Y), and it was observed a statistically significant difference only between 20% of the MW and every other workload (p = 0.0022 for 40% and p < 0.0001 for the remaining). The male group did not present any statistically significant difference between workloads. The RMS value (Y) presented an ascent behavior with the workload in both genders, presenting differences between the 20% and 40% workloads of the MW (p = 0.000), and 80% and 100% of the MW (p = 0.01) in the male group. But it was observed no statistically significant difference between workloads in the female group. It is argued that during the muscular contraction, there is non-uniform variations on the fibers diameter, besides the low frequency lateral oscillations. Such information seems to have strong correlation between the type of the fibers, and this could contribute for a better clarification on the possible mechanisms involved in the gradation process of the muscular strength.O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as componentes temporais e espectrais dos abalos musculares em diferentes niveis de contracao muscular atraves da acelerometria. Participaram do estudo 15 individuos do sexo masculino e 12 do feminino, todos destros. O experimento constou de um teste de carga maxima (CM) que permitiu determinar cinco cargas percentuais administradas durante os testes de forca (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da CM), em isometria e por oito segundos cada. Um acelerometro biaxial foi colocado sobre o ventre muscular do biceps braquial direito. A raiz media quadratica (valor RMS), um parâmetro temporal, e a frequencia media (FME), um parâmetro espectral, foram extraidas dos sinais de acelerometria (sinal de MMG). Estes parâmetros foram analisados nas direcoes X (perpendicular as fibras) e Y (paralela as fibras). Ambos os grupos apresentaram comportamento decrescente da FME (Y) com a carga, sendo mais pronunciado para o grupo feminino. A variavel FME (X), no grupo feminino, apresentou comportamento semelhante a FME (Y), sendo apenas observada diferenca estatistica significativa entre 20% da CM e todas as demais cargas (p = 0,0022 para 40% e p < 0,0001 para as demais). O grupo masculino nao apresentou diferenca estatistica significativa entre as cargas. O valor RMS (Y) apresentou comportamento crescente com a carga para ambos os grupos, havendo diferencas entre as cargas de 20% e 40% da CM (p = 0,000) e 80%, e 100% da CM (p = 0,01) para o grupo masculino. No entanto, nao foi observada diferenca estatistica significativa entre as cargas para o grupo feminino. Discute-se que durante a contracao muscular ocorrem variacoes nao uniformes do diâmetro da fibra, alem de oscilacoes laterais de baixa frequencia. Estas informacoes parecem ter forte correlacao com a tipagem de fibras, o que poderia contribuir para melhor esclarecer os possiveis mecanismos envolvidos durante o processo de gradacao da forca muscular.

Interpretacion de los mecanismos de graduación de la fuerza muscular a través de la acelerometria

The aim of this study was to characterize the temporal and spectral components of the muscle contractions in different contraction levels through the accelerometry. Fifteen male and twelve female right-handed individuals participated in this study. The trial was constituted by a maximal workload (MW) test that allowed to determine five different workloads (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of MW) which, by its turn, allowed to determine five percentage workloads during the strength test (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the MW) in isometry during eight seconds each of them. A biaxial accelerometer was put on the muscular abdomen of the right brachii biceps muscle. The mean square root (RMS value), a temporal parameter, and the mean frequency (MFE), a spectral parameter were extracted from the accelerometry signals (MMG signals). Such parameters were analyzed towards the X (perpendicular to the fibers) and Y (parallel to the fibers) directions. Both groups presented a descent behavior pattern of the loaded MFE (Y), and the most accentuated was the female group. The MFE variable (X) in the female group presented similar behavior before the MFE (Y), and it was observed a statistically significant difference only between 20% of the MW and every other workload (p = 0.0022 for 40% and p < 0.0001 for the remaining). The male group did not present any statistically significant difference between workloads. The RMS value (Y) presented an ascent behavior with the workload in both genders, presenting differences between the 20% and 40% workloads of the MW (p = 0.000), and 80% and 100% of the MW (p = 0.01) in the male group. But it was observed no statistically significant difference between workloads in the female group. It is argued that during the muscular contraction, there is non-uniform variations on the fibers diameter, besides the low frequency lateral oscillations. Such information seems to have strong correlation between the type of the fibers, and this could contribute for a better clarification on the possible mechanisms involved in the gradation process of the muscular strength.O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as componentes temporais e espectrais dos abalos musculares em diferentes niveis de contracao muscular atraves da acelerometria. Participaram do estudo 15 individuos do sexo masculino e 12 do feminino, todos destros. O experimento constou de um teste de carga maxima (CM) que permitiu determinar cinco cargas percentuais administradas durante os testes de forca (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% e 100% da CM), em isometria e por oito segundos cada. Um acelerometro biaxial foi colocado sobre o ventre muscular do biceps braquial direito. A raiz media quadratica (valor RMS), um parâmetro temporal, e a frequencia media (FME), um parâmetro espectral, foram extraidas dos sinais de acelerometria (sinal de MMG). Estes parâmetros foram analisados nas direcoes X (perpendicular as fibras) e Y (paralela as fibras). Ambos os grupos apresentaram comportamento decrescente da FME (Y) com a carga, sendo mais pronunciado para o grupo feminino. A variavel FME (X), no grupo feminino, apresentou comportamento semelhante a FME (Y), sendo apenas observada diferenca estatistica significativa entre 20% da CM e todas as demais cargas (p = 0,0022 para 40% e p < 0,0001 para as demais). O grupo masculino nao apresentou diferenca estatistica significativa entre as cargas. O valor RMS (Y) apresentou comportamento crescente com a carga para ambos os grupos, havendo diferencas entre as cargas de 20% e 40% da CM (p = 0,000) e 80%, e 100% da CM (p = 0,01) para o grupo masculino. No entanto, nao foi observada diferenca estatistica significativa entre as cargas para o grupo feminino. Discute-se que durante a contracao muscular ocorrem variacoes nao uniformes do diâmetro da fibra, alem de oscilacoes laterais de baixa frequencia. Estas informacoes parecem ter forte correlacao com a tipagem de fibras, o que poderia contribuir para melhor esclarecer os possiveis mecanismos envolvidos durante o processo de gradacao da forca muscular.

Cálculo del error técnico en la medición de antropometria

Las medidas antropometricas estan siendo ampliamente utilizadas para el acompanamiento y el desenvolvimiento de ninos, en la verificacion de las adaptaciones en respuesta a entrenamiento, en la selecion de atletas y en estudios de caracterizacion etnica, entre varias otras areas. El control da la calidad de esas medidas va a resultar en datos mas confiables y medidas antropometricas mas precisas. El proposito del presente estudio es el de difundir la estrategia para la obtencion del error tecnico de medicion (ETM), siguiendo la metodologia de Kevin Norton y Tim Olds (2000) y evaluar el desempeno de empleados de laboratorio. Tres antropometristas del Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Ejercicio (Labofise) de la Universidad del Brasil fueron evaluados. Ellos realizaron las medidas de pliegues cutaneos (Cescorf, 0.1mm) en nueve diferentes puntos antropometricos de 35 voluntarios (25,45 ± 9,96 anos). Para las medidas, fue adoptada la padronizacion de la International Society for Advancement in Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Para la verificacion del ETM intra-evaluador, las medidas fueron realizadas en los mismos voluntarios en dos dias diferentes; y, para la obtencion del ETM inter-avaliador, las medidas fueron hechas en un mismo grupo de voluntarios, en el mesmo dia, por los tres antropometristas. Los resultados apuntaron ETMs no aceptables apenas para dos evaluadores en el analisis intra-evaluador. Los demas ETMs alcanzaron resultados aceptables. Los ETMs no aceptables demostraron la necesidad de entrenamiento tecnico de los antropometristas, de modo de minimizar la variabilidad constatada.