Juliana Parisotto Poletine

Composição florística da comunidade infestante em gramados de Paspalum notatum no município de Assis, SP

Os gramados de Paspalum notatum sao os mais disseminados no Brasil, constituindo diferentes locais e propositos. A infestacao por plantas daninhas acarreta perda de qualidade estetica quando a finalidade do gramado e ornamental. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a comunidade infestante em gramados de P. notatum no municipio de Assis/SP, foi realizado entre os meses de junho e julho de 2004 um levantamento floristico em areas ensolaradas e sombreadas, sob copas de arvores. Cem amostras de 0,50 x 0,50 m foram coletadas nas duas condicoes de luminosidade (50 em areas ensolaradas e 50 em areas sombreadas), a partir das quais foram calculados os parâmetros frequencia, densidade, abundância, frequencia relativa, densidade relativa, abundância relativa e indice de valor de importância. Ao todo, foram identificadas 45 especies de plantas daninhas, distribuidas em 15 familias; Asteraceae apresentou o maior numero de especies nas condicoes ensolaradas e sombreadas. As especies mais importantes nas areas ensolaradas foram: Oxalis latifolia > Desmodium incanum > Cyperus flavus > Cyperus diffusus > Cyperus brevifolius; e nas areas sombreadas: C. brevifolius > Alternanthera tenella > D. incanum > Elephantopus mollis > C. flavus. Para 80,0% das amostragens, a massa seca total da parte aerea das especies de plantas daninhas nao sofreu influencia das condicoes ensolarada ou sombreada, constituindo uma producao maxima de aproximadamente 150 kg ha-1 para ambas as condicoes.

Misturas em tanque com glyphosate para o controle de trapoeraba, erva-de-touro e capim-carrapicho em soja RR ®

Although the use of glyphosate tank mixtures for managing weed species of difficult control is prohibited by theBrazilian legislation, it has been a common practice among farmers. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency andselectivity of herbicide tank mixtures using glyphosate to control Commelina benghalensis L., Tridax pr ocumbens L.and Cenchr us echinatus L. in soybean crop RR

Desenvolvimento de gramados submetidos à aplicação de retardadores de crescimento em diferentes condições de luminosidade

In order to evaluate the development of the grass species Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), Emerald (Zoysia japonica) and Broadleaf Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus) submitted to herbicide sub doses and growth regulators under two light conditions, three experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at Paraguacu Paulista from September to December, 2006. For each grass species, the experimental design used was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 6 x 2, with four replications, using two growth regulators (trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon), three herbicides applied in sub doses (clethodim, imazethapyr and metsulfuron-methyl), and a check without application. All treatments were evaluated under two light conditions, represented by plastic greenhouse (total light) and plastic greenhouse + shading 50% (partial light).The results obtained at 63 days after application showed that trinexapac-ethyl (250 g ha-1), clethodim (12 g ha-1) and imazethapyr (12 g ha-1) were the best growth regulators for the vegetative development of C. dactylon (65.8, 29.6 and 18.7%), Z. japonica (66.2, 40.7 and 49.7%) and A. compressus (56.5, 10.3 and 17.2%) grasses and for inflorescence emission of C. dactylon (100.0, 95.9 and 89.6%), under high and low luminosity. Ethephon (300 g ha 1) and metsulfuron-methyl (3.6 g ha-1) treatments were found to be the best options for reducing vegetative development (15.5 and 26.7%) and root dry matter (34.7 and 33.9%) of Sao Carlos grass (A. compressus), compared to trinexapac-ethyl. For C. dactylon and Z. japonica turf grass, under conditions where aesthetics preservation is fundamental, clethodim and imazethapyr may substitute trinexapac-ethyl growth regulator on account of the smaller visual damage in the grass. Further studies with growth regulators and herbicide sub doses must be conducted with other cultivated grasses to enable efficient and safe recommendations, based on scientific information generated from Brazilian conditions.

Seletividade e eficácia de herbicidas inibidores da enzima accase na cultura da mamona

Universidade Estadual de Maringa (UEM) CCA UEM, Dep Ciencias Agron, BR-87507190 Umuarama, PR, Brazil

Levantamento fitossociológico de plantas daninhas em cafezal orgânico

A adequacao de um cafezal para o sistema orgânico causa grande mudanca no sistema de manejo de plantas daninhas, mas as informacoes sobre o comportamento da comunidade infestante em areas de cultivo de cafe orgânico sao escassas no Brasil. Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar um levantamento fitossociologico da comunidade infestante em tres cafezais (variedades Mundo Novo, Bourbon Vermelho e Obata) desenvolvidos em sistema orgânico, no municipio de Garca (SP). Nas tres areas estudadas foram arremessados ao acaso cem quadrados metalicos com area vazada de 0,25 m2, nas entrelinhas da cultura. As especies contidas no interior dos quadros foram identificadas segundo a especie botânica, nome popular e familia. A partir dos resultados, determinaram-se os parâmetros fitossociologicos: frequencia, densidade, abundância, frequencia relativa, densidade relativa, abundância relativa, indice de valor de importância e similaridade floristicas pelos metodos de Simple Matching de Sneath & Sokal e similaridade de Sorensen. As familias que mais se destacaram, com maior numero de especies nas tres areas foram Poaceae e Asteraceae. Houve alta similaridade em todos os contrastes testados, ja que pelo menos metade das especies identificadas foi comum as duas areas contrastadas.

Inheritance of resistance to races 69 and 453 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in the common bean

The cultivars, AB 136 and G 2333 both resistant to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races 69 and 453, were crossed with the cultivars Michelite and Perry Marrow (susceptible to both races), with Dark Red Kidney and Cornell 49242 (resistant to both races) and F1 and F2 generations were obtained. Plants were inoculated using a spore suspension at 1.2 x 106 concentration. The reaction of F1 and F2 populations showed that Dark Red Kidney, Cornell 49242 and AB 136 cultivars had the dominant genes A (Co-1), Are (Co-2) and Co-6, respectively, was conferring resistance to races 69 and 453. The segregation data obtained from F2 populations indicated that G 2333 carried two dominant resistance genes Co-5 gene and another one Co-7 for 69 and 453 races. The dominant genes in G 2333 and its resistance to C. lindemuthianum race could be transferred to provide anthracnose resistance to susceptible cultivars relatively easy.

Interferência de plantas daninhas no cultivo da melancia

Water melon crop is an agricultural activity explored regionally, representing one of the most important sources of family income in small cities of the Medio Paranapanema, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, where nowadays, significant changes in the yield process are verified, changing from intensive labor to the use of promising technologies, as weed management, for instance. An experiment was carried out at Oscar Bressane municipal district, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, to study the weed interference on watermelon cultivation, in 2002/2003. Statistical procedure was based on randomized blocks with ten treatments and four replications, represented by plots with useful area of 18 m2, containing four water melon plants and infestation of Sidaspp, Brachiaria humidicola, Commelina benghalensisand Portulaca oleraceaspecies. Weed infestation was estimated through randomized samples from the plots, using an iron drained square with 0,5 m sides. Treatments consisted of checks with and without hand weeded and different periods of weeds control, so that, crop was sustained in weeds presence or absence up to 7; 14; 28; 56 and 63 days after emergency (DAE). Initial period occurrence of possible coexistence greater than the final period established the Critical Period of Interference Prevention from the 9th to the 13th days (CPIP = 9-13 DAE). The reduction in yield due to the weed interference during all water melon crop cycle was about 41,4%. The diameter and thickness of fruits peel were also influenced by the coexistence with weed infestation during all the crop cycle, with decreases of 7,9% and 23,3%, respectively, against the characteristics length and diameter of branch and oBrix of fruits pulp, when significant differences were not observed.

Management of Soy Supply ( Glycine max ) and its Exploitation in Farming Crambe ( Crambe abyssinica )

The experiment was conducted in the 2013/14 season, in an experimental area of the C-Valle, in Palotina Municipal District, Parana State, Brazil. The cultivar used was Monsoy 6210 IPRO. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of basic fertilization (AB) in soybean sowing, AB + 20% AB + 40% AB + coverage with potassium, AB + 20% + coverage with potassium and AB + 40% + coverage with potassium. The variables evaluated for agronomic performance of soybeans were: Plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, yield and mass of one hundred seeds. Could not find significant differences in the variables analyzed. We conclude that the fertilization treatments were not effective for the increase of soybean grown in clay soil parameters. The crambe culture can be considered a culture that recycles nutrients and has good potential for the use of residual fertilizer from previous crops. Key words: Residual fertilizer, base fertilizer, nutritional requirements.