Juliano José de Resende Fernandes

Produção Fecal e Fluxo Duodenal de Matéria Seca e Matéria Orgânica Estimados por Meio de Indicadores

This research was conducted to compare the internal markers: indigestible neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, obtained after 144 h of in vitro (ivNDF, ivADF) and in situ (isNDF, isADF) rumen incubations; and the chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as external marker. The fecal output of dry matter and organic matter and the duodenal flow of crossbred steers, castrated and canulated in the rumen and in the duodenum. The steers were and fed with corn silage or the cassava hulls + citrus pulp, the cassava meal + citrus pulp, and sugar cane + citrus pulp, silages. The animals were adapted to diets during 11 days following 8 days for sampling. The dry matter and the organic matter duodenal flow estimated using the fecal output calculated by the ivADF. It was used a 4x4 Latin Square design with Split-splots. The fecal output results, expressed in live weight percentage, showed that the ivADF (0.88%), isADF (0.85%) and Cr2O3 (0.99 %) supplied biological consistent values and they could be used in spite of the significant differences among them. The internal markers did not show differences among them for the estimation of dry matter duodenal flow with an average of 3.29 kg/day. The chromium oxide overestimated the DM duodenal flow (4.95 kg/day). The organic matter duodenal flow estimates, there were no difference among the markers with an average of 2.73 kg/day.

Apreciação econômica da terminação em confinamento de novilhos Red Angus superjovens abatidos com diferentes pesos

The objective of this experiment was to conduct an economic evaluation of feedlot finished Red Angus young steers fed to reach slaughter weights (SW) of 340, 370, 400 and 430 kg (actual SW of: 340, 373, 401 and 434 kg). Animals spent 114, 144, 168 and 209 days to reach the target SW at 12, 13, 14 and 15 months of age, respectively. Animals were fed a diet containing 13.26% crude protein and a forage (corn silage) to concentrate ratio of 56:44 (dry matter basis). The most representative operational costs (total costs/ha) for crop establishment and management were: crop fertilization (21.21%), top spreading fertilization (12.86%), seeds (11.40%), and weeds (5.78%) and insect control (4.52%). Feed (forage plus concentrate) represented 77.2% of the production cost when animal acquisition was not included in the calculation with concentrate accounting for 58.3% of these costs. The cost/kg of weight gain increased linearly from 1.94 to 2.34 R

Parâmetros de fermentação e medidas morfométricas dos compartimentos ruminais de bezerros leiteiros suplementados com milho processado (Floculado vs. Laminado a vapor) e monensina

/kg when SW was increased from 340 to 434 kg. Increasing SW from 340 to 434 kg reduced the profitability of feedlot finished Red Angus young steers.

Fermentação e Degradabilidade Ruminal em Bovinos Alimentados com Resíduos de Mandioca e Cana-de-Açúcar ensilados com Polpa Cítrica Peletizada

The objective of this study was the evaluation of the effects of grain processing (steam-rolled vs. steam-flaked) and monensin on ruminal parameters. Sixteen Holstein calves were ruminally canulated with 3 to 5 days of life, and utilized on a completely randomized design block with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The animals received concentrate ad libitum up to 2 kg/d, plus 4 L/d of milk. Calves had free access to water. After weaning at the eight weeks of life, calves received concentrate and chopped hay. Animal performance, concentrate and hay intakes were lower than expected and not affected by treatments. The molar proportion of propionate was higher for steam-rolled concentrate. There was a tendency for higher total VFA (P = .11) and butyrate (P = .13) for steam-rolled corn. Monensin tended to reduce ruminal N-NH3 concentration (P = .12). Weight of reticulum-rumen (as % total tract) tended (P = .09) to be higher for calves on steam-rolled and monensin concentration. However, the capacity of reticulum-rumen was increased by steam-rolled and monensin feeding. Steam-flaked concentrate resulted on heavier abomasum, as % total tract.

Influência do nitrogênio degradável no rúmen sobre a degradabilidade in situ, os parâmetros ruminais e a eficiência de síntese microbiana em novilhos alimentados com cana-de-açúcar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter (DM), neutral detergente fiber (NDF) and starch ruminal degradability besides pH, N-NH3 and valatile fatty acids (VFA) in bovines fed diet with corn (CS), cassava meal (CMS), cassava hull (CHS), and sugar cane (SCS). The CMS, CHS and SCS were ensiled with citrus pulp (CPP). Four crossbred, castrated, rumen and duodenum cannulated steers were used in four experimental periods, with 11 days for diet adaptation and 8 days for sampling. The experimental design was 4x4 Latin Square. There were eight incubations times: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. The CMS showed higher DM, and NDF effective degradation (Kp 5%) (48.44 and 45.78%, respectively) than CS (45.50, 23.75%), CHS (43.87, 24.20%) and SCS (40.76, 25.78%). For all the treatments, the pH and the ruminal concentration of N-NH3 were appropriate for the growth of the rumen microrganisms. The VFA values of the CS, CMS and CHS treatments were similar among themselves and higher than the SCS treatment.

Influência das taxas de ganho de peso pré-desmame das vacas e do tipo de pastagem no período pós-parto sobre a eficiência biológica de vacas e de bezerros de corte

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ruminal degradable nitrogen (RDN) deficit using as roughage sugar cane supplemented with urea, soybean meal, or corn gluten meal 60 on the microbial synthesis efficiency, in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability. The treatments were: sugar cane, sugar cane with urea, soybean meal or corn gluten meal 60. Eight rumen and duodenum cannulated steers were used and arranged according to two 4 × 4 Latin Squares. The pH and N-NH3 were determined in the ruminal fluid before and 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. The duodenal flow was estimated by indigestible acid detergent fiber. The microbial efficiency was determined by purine. RDN did not affect the DM and the highest effective degradability was observed in sugar cane supplemented with soybean meal in the NDF degradability. The pH, N-NH3 values were appropriate to the microbial synthesis in all the evaluated diets. The RDN deficiency did not affect the microbial protein synthesis and the dynamics of the liquid phase.The objective of this work was to evaluate the ruminal degradable nitrogen (RDN) deficit using as roughage sugar cane supplemented with urea, soybean meal, or corn gluten meal 60 on the microbial synthesis efficiency, in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability. The treatments were: sugar cane, sugar cane with urea, soybean meal or corn gluten meal 60. Eight rumen and duodenum cannulated steers were used and arranged according to two 4 × 4 Latin Squares. The pH and N-NH3 were determined in the ruminal fluid before and 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. The duodenal flow was estimated by indigestible acid detergent fiber. The microbial efficiency was determined by purine. RDN did not affect the DM and the highest effective degradability was observed in sugar cane supplemented with soybean meal in the NDF degradability. The pH, N-NH3 values were appropriate to the microbial synthesis in all the evaluated diets. The RDN deficiency did not affect the microbial protein synthesis and the dynamics of the liquid phase.

FARELO DE SOJA EM SUBSTITUIÇÃO À UREIA EM DIETAS PARA BOVINOS DE CORTE EM CRESCIMENTO

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of different rates of weight gain (low: 340 ± 32 g/day or moderate: 490 ± 29 g/day) of heifers, from birth until seven months of age, and the type of pasture after calving, as cows, on the biologic efficiency of cows and their calves until weaning at 217 days. After calving, the animals were maintained on native pasture (NP) or cultivated pasture (CP). During lactation, cows with low preweaning rate of weight gain showed higher milk production. Similarity between low and moderate rates of weight gain was verified for conversion of litres of milk (7.32 and 6.44 L/kg, respectively) and kg of dry matter of milk produced by cows (1.00 and 0.86 kg/kg, respectively) into kg of calves weight gain, total requirements of net energy for maintenance (maintenance plus gestation plus milk production) of cows (TOTNEm) (2733.7 and 2316.7 Mcal, respectively), TOTNEm per kg of weaned calve (14.7 and 14.7 Mcal/kg, respectively) and kg of weaned calve per 100 kg of cow at weaning (42.0 and 38.7 kg/100 kg, respectively). However, cows with low preweaning rate of weight gain weaned more kg of calves per unit of cow metabolic weight at weaning (1.89 vs. 1.73 kg/g).