Juliano Pereira Gomes

Floristic composition and phytogeography of the tree component of Araucaria Forest fragments in southern Brazil

The present study examined the floristic composition of three fragments of Araucaria Forest (AF) in the Planalto Catarinense region of southern Brazil as well as the floristic contextualization of these areas in relation to other remnant AF sites. Three AF fragments at different altitudes were analyzed in the municipalities of Campos Novos, Lages, and Painel. Fifty 200 m2 plots were examined in each fragment and all of the trees with CBH (circumference at breast height) > 15.7 cm were identified. In order to floristically contextualize the study fragments, comparisons were made with other remnant AF sites by way of dendrograms and NMDS (Non-metric multidimensional scaling). Environmental and spatial variables were plotted on the diagram produced by the NMDS to evaluate their influence on the floristic patterns encountered. The forest fragments studied demonstrated high floristic heterogeneity, indicating that AFs cannot be considered homogeneous formations and they could be classified into 3 phytogeographical categories: i) high altitude areas influenced by cloud cover/fog, including the Painel region; ii) areas of lesser altitude and greater mean annual temperatures situated in the Parana River basin, and iii) areas situated in the Parana and Upper-Uruguay river basins and the smaller basins draining directly into the southern Atlantic, near Campos Novos and Lages. The environmental variables most highly correlated with species substitutions among the sites were altitude, mean annual temperature, and the mean temperature of the most humid trimester.

Metodologia alternativa para o Teste de Tetrazólio em sementes de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze

The objective of this research was to verify the possible use of an alternative methodology for the tetrazolium test in A. angustifolia seeds. Seeds of three lots were submitted to immersion in water for 18 hours. The seeds had their coats and nutritive tissue removed and the embryos were soaked in 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% tetrazolium solution at 25 °C for one hour, applying the standard methodology described for the species. Germination tests were performed to verify the reliability of results through the tetrazolium test. Immersion in water for 18 hours followed by the removal of seed coat and nutritive tissue and immersion in tetrazolium solution at 0.1% or 0.5% at 25 °C for 1 hour was an efficient methodology to evaluate the seed viability of A. angustifolia.

Metodologia Alternativa para o Teste de Tetrazólio em Sementes de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze / Alternative Methodology for the Tetrazolium Test in Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze Seeds

The objective of this research was to verify the possible use of an alternative methodology for the tetrazolium test in A. angustifolia seeds. Seeds of three lots were submitted to immersion in water for 18 hours. The seeds had their coats and nutritive tissue removed and the embryos were soaked in 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% tetrazolium solution at 25 °C for one hour, applying the standard methodology described for the species. Germination tests were performed to verify the reliability of results through the tetrazolium test. Immersion in water for 18 hours followed by the removal of seed coat and nutritive tissue and immersion in tetrazolium solution at 0.1% or 0.5% at 25 °C for 1 hour was an efficient methodology to evaluate the seed viability of A. angustifolia.

SUBSTRATOS E TEMPERATURAS PARA TESTE DE GERMINAÇÃO EM SEMENTES DE MYRTACEAE

The Brazilian species of the Myrtaceae comprises several arborescent and shrubby plants that are used to produce fruit for fresh consumption or industrialization. Information about the seed quality evaluations for these species are scarce in the literature, mainly related to the adequacy of the germination tests. This study tests different substrates and temperatures to test the germination of Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret. (goiaba-serrana), Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg (guabiroba), Eugenia involucrata DC. (cereja-do-mato) and Eugenia pyriformis Camb. (uvaia) seeds. Two seed lots were collected at different locations, one for each species, according to the requirements of the selection matrices. Sand and germitest paper towel rolls substrates were used, moistened with distilled water, and submitted to temperatures of 15 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 20-30 °C under constant light, on P.D.A. germinators. The experimental delineation was entirely randomized with four repetitions of 25 seeds/treatment/lot/specie, and treatment means were compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.01). The germination tests can be conducted at 25 °C using paper roll substrate for Eugenia pyriformis and E. involucrate. Both substrates can be used to Acca sellowiana germination test at 25 °C. The temperature of 25 °C and alternating 20-30 °C are indicated for Campomanesia xanthocarpa, as well as sand and paper roll substrates.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE PLÂNTULAS DURANTE A GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Psidium cattleianum E Acca sellowiana (MYRTACEAE)

This study describes the morphological characterization during seedling development of Psidium cattleianum Sabine e Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret. To describe germination and seedling morphology, 100 seeds were allowed to germinate on germitest paper as substrate at a temperature of 25 °C. Were analyzed: type, shape and color of the root, hairiness, shape and coloration of hypocotyl and epicotyl, consistency, texture, shape, venation, color, type of board, apex and base of the cotyledons and protophilus. The germination is epigeous phanerocotyledonal for both species, forming seedlings with an axial root system, long pivoting main root with paracotyledons and simple eophylls, opposites. Glands and secreting cells were observed in all organs except in the root system for both species. The germination of the Psidium cattleianum seed begins approximately 10 days after sowing, when the operculum opens followed immediately by the root protrusion. Acca sellowiana shows a long, cylindrical, erect, brownish- red and glabrous hypocotyl after 28 days. When the paracotyledons are totally exposed, they immediately show an intense green color, demonstrating the photosynthetic potential of the seedling growth. The germination process description alongside the morphology of seedlings constitutes an important element for recognition of species.

Vegetative and Environmental Components in a Secondary Riparian Forest in the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina, Brazil

This study investigated the vegetation and environmental variable of fragments at different successional stages in a secondary riparian forest in the municipality of Ponte Alta, Santa Catarina state, Brazil (27°29’00” S and 50°17’11” W, WGS84), aiming to list priority variables for monitoring forest succession in riparian forests. For this, two areas were identified: “Reference” (conserved secondary forest) and “Restoration” (secondary forest under passive restoration). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated the existence of differences in the arboreal community diversity with lower values for the “Restoration” synthesized by PC1. The ground coverage by Ocellochloa rudis (Nees) Zuloaga & Morrone (Poaceae) was mainly in places with higher pH values and ability for effective cation exchange, with no preference of occurrence in either evaluated site. The composition of arboreal diversity was a relevant variable for monitoring passive restoration in this environment.

Fracionamento e germinação de sementes de Eugenia involucrata

The objective of this study is to verify the cutting efficiency of Eugenia involucrata seeds in seedling formation, as a way to maximize seed lots for sapling production. E. involucrata seeds were submitted to the following treatments: a) Control (uncutting seeds), b) Seeds transversely cut, with or without hilum, c) Seeds longitudinally cut, with and without hilum and germinated afterwards on germitest paper roll substrate at a temperature of 25 ° C and constant white light, with four repetitions of 25 seeds or seed fractions. The percentage of propagules with capacity to produce normal seedlings (the germination percentage) and germination speed (the Speed of Germination Index) were calculated. The uncut seeds (control) showed a higher germination percentage (72%) and speed (SGI = 0.64). The use of seed fractions was not considered an efficient method for maximizing E. involucrata seed lots, since germination was directly affected.

Potencial Terapêutico de Espécies Arbóreas em Fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista

This study aimed to evaluate the medicinal potential of tree species in Araucaria Forest (FOM) remnants in Santa Catarina Plateau, highlighting those with therapeutic actions attested in scientific trials, as well as those with medicinal potential according to ethnobotanical records. The floristic composition was sampled through the point-centered quarter method, registering the individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm closest to the center point. Sampling was conducted in Permanent Preservation Areas (APP’s) and/or Legal Reserve, with the help of 20 transects with 20 points quadrants each, totaling 2.61 hectares. Among the species recorded and identified, 16 of them, classified into 13 plant families, have medicinal potential described and attested in literature and 12 species within 10 families, are suggested as potential, according to ethnobotanical concepts. The present study showed that these sites may contribute to the maintenance of species of FOM and to base future studies on medicinal plants and/or other bioactive potential.

Myrtaceae na Bacia do Rio Caveiras: Características Ecológicas e Usos Não Madeireiros

This study aimed to describe the floristic-structural pattern, ecological characteristics and potentials of Myrtaceae in the Caveiras River Basin. The studied Myrtaceae communities are localized in Santa Catarina Southern Plateau – municipalities of Lages, Sao Jose do Cerrito and Urupema. Four sampling units were installed in each municipality, totaling a sampling area of 30,000 m2. All Myrtaceae individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were surveyed within the sampling units. The Myrtaceae community structure was assessed through phytosociological descriptors and the sampling sufficiency was verified using the rarefaction method. The ecological approach, as well as the indication of non-timber use of Myrtaceae resources was inferred from a specialized bibliography and scientific database. 1,480 Myrtaceae individuals were sampled, totaling 21 species and 11 genera. The most abundant species were Myrceugenia euosma, Siphoneugena reitzii and Myrcia palustris, which represent more than 50% of the community structure. Regarding the ecological classification, the late secondary group was the most expressive (57%). The sampled species are recommended for the restoration of altered areas, ornamental (100%) as well as phytotherapic use (60%). Despite the Myrtaceae representativeness and potentials, further research is necessary to support conservation through management plans.

Espécies bioativas em áreas úmidas do Planalto Catarinense

Our objective was to survey and identify the species that occur in wetlands of the uplands of the state of Santa Catarina and associate them to their bioactive potential, validated by laboratory tests or reported in ethnobotanical studies. The study was conducted in 12 wetland areas, located in farms with commercial reforestation of exotic species (these areas belong to the Klabin S.A. Company). The sampling of the vegetation was performed by transection in the transverse direction, in the widest portion of the wetlands and in the transition area to the drier portion (a limited strip of approximately 3 meters). Fertile specimens were collected at every meter of the transection. After the identification of the species, a literature review on the bioactive potential of these species was carried out on the scientific databases, using the studies that attest the potential value of the species and also studies that value the expertise from local populations. In the sampled areas, 235 species were identified and classified into 40 botanical families. From these, 28 species, classified into 11 families, have bioactive potential. Among all species identified, 18 showed scientifically accredited bioactive potential and 10 were cited as to their potential in ethnobotanical studies. Little is known about the diversity of the wetlands in the uplands of the state of Santa Catarina, and further studies are needed to increase the knowledge on the local flora. This study showed a large number of species with validated potential and that could be used by the population, while others have not yet been studied, but that are potential candidates for further researches.