Juliet E. Hart

Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Literacy Instruction: An Exploratory Study of Elementary Inclusive Settings

Little is known about how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience reading instruction in the context of a natural learning environment. This qualitative study centered on three students with ASD who received reading instruction primarily in the general education classroom setting. Observation, interview, and archival data were collected and analyzed to learn how students with ASD engaged in reading instruction and responded to teacher strategies employed to facilitate learning. Findings describe the strengths shown and challenges experienced by children with ASD during literacy instruction. Limited exposure to systematic comprehension instruction hindered the literacy acquisition of learners ASD. Implications for general and special educators are described.

Creating Social Opportunities for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Inclusive Settings

Increasing numbers of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are being included in general education settings. Learners with ASD can benefit from the general education curriculum, with some achieving at a high academic level. Yet, social communication and behavioral difficulties can present challenges to their successful inclusion. Instructional priorities for children with ASD include social communication interventions that teach children how to spontaneously initiate functional communication in academic and social contexts. This article describes evidence-based strategies that will help educators create opportunities for social interaction for students with ASD in the context of naturally occurring classroom activities and routines.

Promote Academic Engagement and Communication of Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Inclusive Settings

116 This article describes 20 strategies to facilitate the participation and learning of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in inclusive settings. Note that although the majority of strategies and accommodations suggested are communication-building techniques geared specifically toward students with ASD, they also reflect sound principles of good teaching and therefore serve to benefit most learners in an inclusive classroom.

The Continuum of “Troubling” to “Troubled” Behavior Exploratory Case Studies of African American Students in Programs for Emotional Disturbance

This article discusses the construction of the “emotional disturbance” (ED) category in the cases of four African American elementary students. These cases represent a sub-set of data from a three-year ethnographic study of the special education process in a large, culturally/linguistically diverse school district. Based on interviews, observations, and examination of students’ records, the data revealed three inappropriate, yet significant, contributors to the children’s classification as ED: inadequate instruction/behavior management prior to referral, exclusion of contextual classroom information from the decision-making process, and subjective/arbitrary evaluation processes. Presented is a cross-case thematic analysis of these complex and problematic processes and their outcomes. The authors call for a reconsideration of “ED” to reflect a behavioral continuum rather than the current categorical formulation, a more holistic view acknowledging the contribution of school contexts in the evaluation of children’s difficulties, and research focusing on effective, preventive practices for all children with troubling behavior.

Strategies for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students with Special Needs.

The author provides an overview of the prevailing assessment and instructional issues related to culturally and linguistically diverse students with special education needs. Also, the author presents current trends and prevalence rates of students with disabilities who are also English language learners, in addition to general guidelines for the appropriate assessment of such students for special education services. Last, the author describes researchbased academic and behavioral strategies for these students, along with web-based resources geared to assist general and special educators working with diverse students with special needs.

Facilitating Quality Language Interpretation for Families of Diverse Students With Special Needs

As the nation as a whole becomes progressively more diverse, increasing numbers of children from linguistically diverse backgrounds are served in special education programs. Ensuring that appropriate educational services are developed for these students in collaboration with their family members as equal participants on school-based teams necessitates high-quality language interpretation during the individualized education plan process and beyond. In this article, the authors describe basic types of language interpretation errors and provide examples of how these can surface during an individualized education plan and other school-based meetings. The authors then discuss how school-based teams can facilitate accurate and quality language interpretation through implementation of research-based, best practice recommendations that reflect Individuals With Disabilities Education Act principles and components of collaborative professional–family partnerships.

Adapting an Evidence-Based Reading Comprehension Strategy for Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Reading is a critical skill for student success in school and postschool opportunities. Although a number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will develop the decoding skills necessary to read text, many will continue to struggle with reading comprehension. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) mandated that all children receive evidence-based reading instruction consistent with the National Reading Panel (NRP) recommendations. Beginning evidence suggests that children with ASD can benefit from instruction consistent with the NRP recommendations. This article illustrates how to implement question-and-answer relationships (QAR), a specific NRP-advocated strategy, using research-based instructional supports found responsive in meeting the learning needs of students with ASD.

OMG! Exploring and Learning from Teachers' Personal and Professional Uses of Facebook

Members of the Net Generation are increasingly using social networking sites. The authors employed a mixed methods approach to examine Facebook site features preservice educators use and how those features are utilized personally and professionally. Results indicate that interaction on Facebook is reciprocal; that is, the number of posts made to a wall was significantly related to the number of updates made by the profile owner. Qualitative, descriptive data indicated emerging professional use of Facebook, with profile owners utilizing peers for instructional ideas and ongoing classroom support. Recommendations for future research are described.

Language Interpretation for Diverse Families Considerations for Special Education Teachers

The special education field is challenged by a lack of attention to and recruitment of well-trained language interpreters in schools. As such, special education teachers need to take a leadership role in working with interpreters to ensure diverse families are collaborative members of individualized education program (IEP) teams. Using the framework of collaborative family school partnerships, this article describes practical strategies for special educators when working with interpreters during IEP meetings with families. Taking a proactive role when working with interpreters can help improve the quality of service delivery for diverse students with disabilities and their families.

Children of same-sex parents: in and out of the closet

An estimated 14 million children are parented by gay or lesbian couples. Research indicates that children of same-sex parents are as well adjusted as their peers of opposite-sex parents. However, previous research has yet to examine how these youth negotiate their own process of coming out about their families to others. We sought to identify the patterns, issues and themes that recur in the coming out process of these youth. Recommendations for school personnel are described.