Jung Hoon Han

Ubiquitous urban infrastructure: Infrastructure planning and development in Korea

Abstract The fast growing ubiquitous infrastructure technologies are capable of improving current urban management and infrastructure planning and development capabilities. These technological advancement urban infrastructure developments in the Republic of Korea have recently shifted from an old paradigm of conventional infrastructure to a new paradigm of intelligent infrastructure provision. This new paradigm, so called ubiquitous infrastructure, is a combination of urban infrastructures, information and communication technologies and digital networks. Ubiquitous infrastructure refers to an urban infrastructure system where any citizen can access any infrastructure and services via any electronic devices regardless of time and location. This paper introduces this new paradigm and new schemes for urban infrastructure planning and development in the Republic of Korea and discusses the potential positive effects of ubiquitous infrastructure on Korean cities to achieve sustainable urban development.

Advantage and disadvantage across Australia's extended metropolitan regions: A typology of socioeconomic outcomes

New national and international economic and social forces have reshaped national geographies in general and the characteristics of cities in particular, resulting in a range of diverse social and spatial outcomes. These outcomes, which include greater differentiation across, within and between cities has become a feature of the economic and social forces associated with post-Fordist social structures. Taking localities across Australias metropolitan regions, this paper develops a typology of advantage and disadvantage using a model-based approach with clustering of data represented by a parameterised Gaussian mixture model and confidence intervals of the means providing a measure of differences between the clusters. The analysis finds seven clusters of localities that represent different aspects of the socio-spatial structure of the metropolitan regions studied.

Ageing Australia: changing location patterns of older people in South East Queensland

This paper investigates a decade of changes in the location patterns of older people in the ‘sunbelt’ region of South East Queensland (SEQ). Despite the accentuation of public policies to better cater for older people in an ageing Australia, little attention has been directed towards exploration of the changing spatial distributions of older people over time. This paper partially redresses this gap in the literature, by exploring changes in the spatial distribution of older people in SEQ over the decade 1996 to 2006. The findings highlight a marked spatial variation in numerical and structural ageing across SEQ, in which numerical ageing has become more pronounced, whereas structural ageing, particularly in the coastal areas, has, largely, not eventuated.

Professional practice and innovation: Chronic disease, geographic location and socioeconomic disadvantage as obstacles to equitable access to e-health

Despite recent public attention to e-health as a solution to rising healthcare costs and an ageing population, there have been relatively few studies examining the geographical pattern of e-health usage. This paper argues for an equitable approach to e-health and attention to the way in which e-health initiatives can produce locational health inequalities, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. In this paper, we use a case study to demonstrate geographical variation in Internet accessibility, Internet status and prevalence of chronic diseases within a small district. There are significant disparities in access to health information within socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The most vulnerable people in these areas are likely to have limited availability of, or access to Internet healthcare resources. They are also more likely to have complex chronic diseases and, therefore, be in greatest need of these resources. This case study demonstrates the importance of an equitable approach to e-health information technologies and telecommunications infrastructure.

Modelling Spatial Fragmentation of the Brisbane Housing Market

This article explores the relationships between the characteristics of urban social spaces and the housing market reflected in terms of housing price differential. Using the techniques of spatial autocorrelation and multivariate analysis, this article examines the spatial patterns of house price variations and the role of the underlying geography of urban spaces in discriminating housing markets across the Brisbane metropolitan area.

Planning ubiquitous cities for social inclusion

Contemporary cities, with diverse histories, cultures and topologies, have evolved to adopt new information and communication technology, networks and infrastructure. A number of urban issues have recently emerged in technology driven societies. These include: 1) technology stabilisation; 2) digital service redistribution; and 3) equitable technology allocation. This paper investigates technology adaptation to the effects of the recent information and communication technology (ICT) shift to ubiquitous or pervasive computing. Drawing on both the Australian and Korean experience we discuss ICT development strategies to address the digital divide and digital inequality at different spatial and technological scales.

Tenure social mix and perceptions of antisocial behaviour: An Australian example

Antisocial behaviour including littering and graffiti, crime and social disorder pose an important social problem within contemporary cities. Perceptions regarding the extent of antisocial behaviour are likely to differ not only along socioeconomic and demographic lines of the individual but importantly are also likely to differ depending on the type of neighbourhood or community one resides in. In particular, it is often assumed that antisocial behaviour, both real and perceived, will be higher in localities characterised by higher levels of public housing. Situated broadly in the antisocial behaviour and neighbourhood effects/social mix literature this paper examines perceptions of antisocial behaviour reported in a large sample survey in Australia focusing specifically on how responses differ by the housing social mix characteristics of the neighbourhood the respondent lives in.

Innovation districts and urban heterogeneity: 3D mapping of industry mix in downtown Sydney

Abstract Economic heterogeneity is an intrinsic characteristic of cities, but it varies greatly within and between urban areas. The economic relationships and specific mix of service industries are important keys to the management and design of innovative urban districts that support the knowledge economy. Although heterogeneity is accepted as a general ‘good’ within urban design, the concept has not been approached systematically with specific physical relationships between industries, uses and the spaces they occupy generalized as ‘mixed-use zones’. This paper critically reviews the concept of mixed-use and investigates the concept of 3D heterogeneity using a fine-grained geographical information system (GIS) dataset to scrutinize spatial and economic characteristics of a commercial downtown ‘innovation district’ in global Sydney.

TOWARDS THE RIGHT MODEL OF SMART CITY GOVERNANCE IN INDIA

There is broad agreement among the scientific community that local government’s play a vital role in fostering smart cities which focusses on improving quality of life by integrating technology with the built environment. But, urban governance in rapidly urbanising countries of global south is often poorly organised to deal with complex urban challenges, severely hindering their aspirations to become smart cities. Although smart city dossiers are abundant in literature, their governance framework and structural variations in such development across regions is lacking. Furthermore, efforts to import governance models from developed world cities are facing lack of unique context sensitivities, which stand against their transformation as smart cities. This paper contributes to the debate on urban governance of smart cities by providing their distinct theoretical conceptualisations and linking them with case studies. It analyses the urban governance dynamics in Indian cities which has started implementing a massive 100 smart cities development programme. From the past experiences of Indian cities in reforming urban administration to its new model of special purpose vehicle led project execution; this research critically assesses the ability of Indian cities to transform their traditional bureaucratic governments into a more accountable collaborative governance. The outcomes from this study highlight the need for aspiring smart cities in emerging economies to address deep-seated structural issues of municipal government’s and engage in the process of governance transformation rather than adopting temporary solutions.

Dynamics of Housing Mobility in Australian Metropolitan Areas, 2001–2010: A Longitudinal Study

Abstract A lack of understanding of the dynamics of housing mobility and its difference across the major cities in Australia can have significant policy ramifications. In particular, a spatial mismatch in the demand and supply of higher density housing will arise if planning for resource allocations continues to be based on urban density targets without a complete understanding of the dynamics of housing mobility patterns. Therefore through the application of a unique 3-fold longitudinal study this paper examines the housing mobility patterns over time by measuring changes in housing characteristics of housing tenure, dwelling type and location using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA). It was found that the most typical transition to a higher dwelling density in Australia is from a detached house to multi-storeyed units under 3 storeys. Downsizing moves for retirees are most frequent and a decrease in household income is closely related to downsizing. Also notable is the significantly higher level of downsizing moves found in Melbourne when compared to other cities over the past decade.