Júnia Maria Serra-Negra

ESTUDO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE ALEITAMENTO, HÁBITOS BUCAIS E MALOCLUSÕES

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the relationship between infant feeding methods, oral habits, and the occurrence of future malocclusions in children. The study comprised 357 children (aged 3 to 5 years) from different social classes who were clinically examined in their nursery schools. In order to gather information on the childrens development, a previously tested questionnaire was sent to their homes to be answered by their mothers. Two hundred and eighty nine questionnaires were returned. Hence, only the corresponding 289 clinical examinations were considered for final analysis. It was observed that breast feeding was associated with the absence of oral habits, since 86.1% of the children breast-fed for a period longer than 6 months did not develop oral habits. Posterior crossbite and anterior open bite were the most prevalent types of malocclusion observed

Influence of Nonnutritive Sucking Habits, Breathing Pattern and Adenoid Size on the Development of Malocclusion

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of finger and pacifier-sucking habits, breathing pattern, and adenoid size with the development of malocclusion in primary dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study was carried out involving 300 preschool children, ages 3 to 6 years, randomly selected from 10 public and 10 private preschools from a large representative sample of 745 children. The study was developed to identify risk factors associated with the development of malocclusion. The case group (n = 150) was composed of individuals with at least one of the following malocclusions: anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, or overjet of more than 3 mm. The control group (n = 150) was made up of individuals without malocclusions. Other variables were assessed through questionnaires about oral habits, including the use of a dummy, finger sucking, duration of these habits; mouth-breathing analysis; and a lateral cephalometric radiograph to evaluate the airway obstruction related to the adenoids. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was P < .05. RESULTS The risk factors for the occurrence of malocclusion in preschool children were duration of pacifier-sucking after 2 years of age (OR = 14.7) and mouth-breathing pattern (OR = 10.9). No significant associations were found between hypertrophied adenoids or finger-sucking habits and the occurrence of malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS The malocclusion in the primary dentition in preschool children was directly related to the duration of pacifier-sucking after 2 years of age and the mouth-breathing pattern.

Influence of psychosocial factors on the development of sleep bruxism among children

BACKGROUND Bruxism is described as an orofacial parafunction that affects both children and adults. The maintenance of the childhood habit into adulthood may compromise health. As there are few studies on this issue, there is a need for further research on sleep bruxism among children. AIM The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep bruxism in children and the influence of psychosocial factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on 652 randomly selected children aged 7-10 years at public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The instruments used were: questionnaire for parents, Child Stress Scale, and the scales on neuroticism and responsibility from the prevalidated Big Five Questionnaire for Children. Psychological tests were administered and evaluated by psychologists. Sleep bruxism among children was reported by parents. The Social Vulnerability Index from the city hall database was used to determine the social classification of the families. The chi-squared test, binary and multivariate logistic regressions were used, with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS A 35.3% prevalence of bruxism was found. No association was found between bruxism and stress, gender, age, or social vulnerability. The adjusted logistic model determined that children with high levels of neuroticism (OR = 1.9, CI 1.3-2.6) and responsibility (OR = 2.2, CI 1.0-5.0) are twice as likely to have the habit of sleep bruxism when compared to those who have low levels of these personality traits. CONCLUSIONS A high degree of responsibility and neuroticism, which are individual personality traits, are determinant factors for the development of sleep bruxism among children.

Prevalence of sleep bruxism in a group of Brazilian schoolchildren

AIM: This was to investigate the prevalence of sleep bruxism in Brazilian schoolchildren. METHODS: Across-sectional study was carried out examining 652 randomly selected children aged from 7 to 10 years of age from both public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Sleep bruxism among children was reported by parents by means of a pretested questionnaire based on the criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Disorders. The Social Vulnerability Index from Municipal database was used to determine social classification of families. A chi-square test was used with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Sleep bruxism was present in 230 children, showing a prevalence of 35.3%. Among the 652 children, 340 (52.0%) were girls and 312 (48.0%) were boys, predominatly of 8-year-olds (84.2%). Sleep bruxism was present in 56.5% of the girls and 43.5% of the boys. The majority of the families were of a low social vulnerability (54.2%), whereas another 45.8% were of a high social vulnerability. More than half of the children without sleep bruxism (55.2%) were of low socio-economic background. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of 35.3% demonstrates the need for further research on this issue.

Signs, symptoms, parafunctions and associated factors of parent-reported sleep bruxism in children: a case-control study

Bruxism is the non-functional clenching or grinding of the teeth that may occur during sleep or less commonly in daytime. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinical signs and symptoms, parafunctions and associated factors of sleep bruxism in children. A population-based case-control study was carried out involving 120 children, 8 years of age, with sleep bruxism and 240 children without sleep bruxism. The sample was randomly selected from public and private schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Groups were matched by gender and social class. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) drawn up by the city of Belo Horizonte was employed for social classification. Data collection instruments included clinical forms and pre-tested questionnaires. The diagnosis of sleep bruxism was supported by the American Association of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. The McNemar test, binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. The risk factors associated with sleep bruxism included: primary canine wear (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3), biting of objects like pencils or pens (OR=2.0 IC 95% 1.2-3.3) and wake-time bruxism (tooth clenching) (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3). Children that present the parafunctions of object biting and wake-time bruxism were more susceptible to sleep bruxism.

Incidence of malocclusion between primary and mixed dentitions among Brazilian children A 5-year longitudinal study

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of malocclusion in a 5-year follow-up of school children and verify the hypothesis that individuals with previous malocclusion are more prone to maintain the same characteristics in the transition from primary to mixed dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS School children, ages 8 to 11 years, participated. Inclusion criteria consisted of normal occlusion in primary dentition or subsequent malocclusions, anterior open bite and/or posterior crossbite and/or overjet measuring more than 3 mm, and that subjects had not submitted to orthodontic treatment and adenoidectomy. Data collection was based on evaluation of occlusion in school children in the actual stage of mixed dentition. Descriptive, Chi-square, and relative risk (RR) 95% confidence interval (CI) analyses were carried out. RESULTS The greatest incidence of malocclusion was found in children with malocclusion (94.1%) when compared with those without malocclusion (67.7%) (RR  =  1.4 [1.2-1.6]; P < .001). Anterior open bite (RR  =  3.1 [1.7-5.8]), posterior crossbite (RR  =  7.5 [4.9-11.5]), and overjet greater than 3 mm (RR  =  5.2 [3.4-8.0]) in the primary dentition are risk factors for malocclusion in early mixed dentition. Spontaneous correction of the anterior open bite was confirmed in 70.1% of cases. Posterior crossbite and overjet greater than 3 mm were persistent in 87.8% and 72.9% of children. CONCLUSIONS Malocclusion incidence was high. Individuals with previous anterior open bite, greater overjet, and posterior crossbite had greater risk of having the same characteristics in the mixed dentition.

Sleep Bruxism, Awake Bruxism and Sleep Quality among Brazilian Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed including 183 Brazilian dental students aged from 17 to 46 years old. The complete course curriculum consists of 9 semesters. Students enrolled in the first semester, the middle semester and the final semester of the course participated in the survey. The PSQI-BR (the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) was used for data collection. The PSQI-BR was distributed during lecture classes. Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism diagnosis was based on self-reported data. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression with robust estimator were the statistical tests used. Sleep bruxism prevalence was 21.5% and awake bruxism prevalence was 36.5%. Sleep duration components were associated with sleep bruxism (PR=1.540; 95% CI: 1.00-2.37) and awake bruxism (PR=1.344; 95% CI: 1,008-1,790). There was an association between awake bruxism and habitual sleep efficiency component (PR=1.323; 95% CI: 1.03-1.70). Sleep disturbance component and awake bruxism were associated (PR=1.533; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Poor sleep quality was an important factor among dental students, who reported sleep bruxism as well as among those who presented awake bruxism.

Relationship between Tasks Performed, Personality Traits, and Sleep Bruxism in Brazilian School Children - A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background Tasks can be instruments of stress and may affect the health of children. Sleep bruxism is a multifactorial sleep-related movement disorder that affects children and adults. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between children’s tasks, personality traits and sleep bruxism. Methods And Findings A cross-sectional, population-based study of 652 randomly selected Brazilian schoolchildren (52% of whom were female), aged from 7 to 10 years was conducted in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A questionnaire based on criteria proposed by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) was completed by parents. In addition, the Neuroticism and Responsibility sub-scales of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children (BFQ-C) were administered to the children. Psychological tests were administered and evaluated by psychologists. The Social Vulnerability Index from the city council database was used to determine the social classification of the families. Chi-square and Poisson regression statistical tests were used with a 95% confidence interval. The majority of families were classified as having low social vulnerability (61.3%), whereas, 38.7% were classified as having high social vulnerability. Regarding extracurricular activities, the majority of girls performed household work (56.4%) and some artistic activity (51.3%) while sporting activities were most common among boys (61%). The results of the Poisson regression model indicated that sleep bruxism was most prevalent in children who scored highly in the Neuroticism sub-scale, and who frequently performed household tasks. Conclusion Children whose personality domain has a high level of Neuroticism and who perform household chores imposed by the family are more vulnerable to sleep bruxism.

Environmental factors, sleep duration, and sleep bruxism in Brazilian schoolchildren: a case-control study

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between environmental factors, sleep duration, and sleep bruxism (SB) in schoolchildren. METHODS A case-control study was performed. Individuals participating in the study were randomly chosen from public and private schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A total of 120 children with bruxism and 240 without bruxism (mean age, 8 years) participated in our study. A questionnaire for parents was used to collect data based on criteria taken from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Conditional binary logistic regression statistical tests and χ2 tests were used for analysis. RESULTS The final logistical model found that children with a median sleep time < or = 8 h per night (odds ratio [OR], 2.561 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.480-4.433]), who did not enjoy a good nights sleep (OR, 3.253 [95% CI, 1.600-6.615]), who slept with noise in the room (OR, 2.699 [95% CI, 1.645-4.429]), and who had the light on (OR, 2.370 [95% CI, 1.446-3.884]), were more likely to have SB. CONCLUSION Children who sleep for less than 8h a night are more likely to have SB. Light and noise in the room were two predisposing factors for the occurrence of SB.

Predictive factors for child behaviour in the dental environment

Aim: This was to evaluate the potential factors that influence behaviour in the paediatric dentistry environment of children aged 48 to 68 months who have never before been to a dentist. Study Design. Cross sectional. Methods: Child behaviour was evaluated using the Frankl scale during both clinical examination procedures and prophylaxis. All mothers of the 118 children investigated underwent a test to assess their anxiety (Manifest Anxiety Scale-MAS) and responded to a questionnaire on the medical history of the child as well as socioeconomic factors. The children were given a test to assess their anxiety (Venham Picture Test-VPT). Statistics: The statistical tests adopted were the Chi-squared test and both simple and multiple unconditional logistic regression. Results: Children with high anxiety, those who had previously experienced toothache and those had behaved uncooperatively during prior medical experiences, had a greater probability of behaving uncooperatively during their first dental consultation. Conclusions: Dental professionals can identify the presence of predictive factors for child behaviour prior to the first clinical examination by including relevant questions in the dental and medical history, thereby facilitating a more positive initial contact between paediatric dentists and their patients.