Jussara de Oliveira Ortiz

Modelagem de fertilidade do solo por simulação estocástica com tratamento de incertezas

This work described a methodology of fertility modeling that integrates chemical properties of the soil through the Monte Carlo method. The chemical attributes are spatialized, along with their estimation uncertainties, by a geostatistical procedure of random simulation. Uncertainties of the chemical properties are propagated to the resulting fertility model allowing the generation of fertility maps conditioned to preset risk levels. The method presented here is illustrated by a case study of fertility for soy culture, at the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, considering the following chemical properties of the soil: exchangeable aluminum, potassium and cation exchange capacity.

Terrahidro — A Distributed Hydrological System to delimit large basins

This paper describes TerraHidro that is a distributed hydrologic modeling platform. TerraHidro is general purpose water resources system that presents a new concept to represent water flows based on graph structure, in the geographic information system (GIS) context. The drainage extractions and Amazonian basin delimitations using TerraHidro have been compared with ArcGis Hydro Tools regarding to drainage extractions and to show the TerraHidro availability the drainage of Amazonian sub basins, called Xingu, Purus and Tapajos are presented.

Drainage network extraction of Brazilian semiarid region with potential flood indication areas

This region has the particularity of, at the same time, coexisting with sporadic floods and scarcity of water. This situation requires complex studies involving water resources based on runoff of rain waters and on the courses of the rivers. For the extraction of drainage was carried out by using of the system for hydrological modeling treatment TerraHidro, developed by INPEs Image Processing Division. This system uses the PFS method for extraction of drainage, which has provided good results, enabling the reduction of the time spent on manual editing of drainage errors. TerraHidro has a tool called Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND) which gives information on potential flood areas. Elevation data were used in the Aster GDEM with spatial resolution of 30 meters for drainage extraction. A qualitative comparison was performed between drainage extracted by TerraHidro and drainage manually extracted by a specialist.

Delimitation and Analysis of Environmental Protection Areas in the Paraíba do Sul River Basin in Brazil

This work establishes a semi-automatic methodology to define and evaluate the Environmental Protection Areas (EPA), in the Paraíba River Basin, Brazil, taking account the land use and the water quality. The development of this work started from the water capitation point of Guaratingueta city located on the stream that runs through the city. From ASTER GDEM data the drainage network and the basin catchment was automatically extracted. Landsat images for the dates of 1989, 2001 and 2014 were digitally classified and the land uses were mapped, considering the area of permanent protection (APP) for drainage, respecting the limits indicated by Brazilian forest code. Scenes from the RapidEye satellite were used to answer questions of classification, due to good image definition. The study showed that in 1989, the total area classified as APP, 37.59% were anthropized, reaching 37.98% in 2001 and 36.98% in 2014. In a few years it was possible to associate data from water quality, measured directly at the capitation. In 2001 the water quality data showed that the intensive use of fertilizers drained into the Guaratingueta stream by rice paddies was seriously affecting the water supply of the municipality. In 2008 measures for water quality at the capitation point showed that the water resources were still impacted by agricultural activities from the rice fields. So, this work indicates the need for revitalization of the APP inside the EPA Guaratingueta in order to meet the law, protect watersheds and also avoid large investments in water treatment arriving for public consumption.

Drainage Network Definition for Low Resolution DEM Obtained from Drainage Network Extracted from High Resolution DEM Using Upscaling Processes

Drainage network is basic information for developing applications involving surface and underground water resources. The determination of good quality drainage network can be extracted from altimetry grids with high or at least medium resolution. They can be used for studies in small and large watersheds. When the target is a large watershed, high and medium resolutions are not adequate. The grid resolution should be decreased and consequently the drainage network must be extracted for this new resolution. This mapping can be done in two ways. The first possibility is to extract the drainage network from the new grid altimetry. The second one is to define the new drainage network from the original drainage. In this work, the second possibility was implemented to provide the best quality drainage. The method called Priority First Search—PFS used by TerraHidro for extracting drainage from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) with 90 m of horizontal resolution, is described. The Upscaling process, responsible to convert high resolution drainage network to low resolution drainage network, is detailed and results are presented to show the effectiveness of the Upscaling process contained in TerraHidro. The distributed hydrologic models employed in underground waters using in many cases the network of surface drainage as basic information.