Justo Garcia Navarro

Methodology for quantification of waste generated in Spanish railway construction works

In the last years, the European Union (EU) has been focused on the reduction of construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Specifically, in 2006, Spain generated roughly 47million tons of C&D waste, of which only 13.6% was recycled. This situation has lead to the drawing up of many regulations on C&D waste during the past years forcing EU countries to include new measures for waste prevention and recycling. Among these measures, the mandatory obligation to quantify the C&D waste expected to be originated during a construction project is mandated. However, limited data is available on civil engineering projects. Therefore, the aim of this research study is to improve C&D waste management in railway projects, by developing a model for C&D waste quantification. For this purpose, we develop two equations which estimate in advance the amount, both in weight and volume, of the C&D waste likely to be generated in railway construction projects, including the category of C&D waste generated for the entire project.

Legal Aspects which Implement Good Practice Measures in the Management of Construction and Demolition Waste

The construction industry, one of the most important ones in the development of a country, generates unavoid- able impacts on the environment. The social demand towards greater respect for the environment is a high and general outcry. Therefore, the construction industry needs to reduce the impact it produces. Proper waste management is not enough; we must take a further step in environmental management, where new measures need to be introduced for the prevention at source, such as good practices to promote recycling. Following the amendment of the legal frame applicable to Construction and Demolition Waste (C&D waste), important developments have been incorporated in European and International laws, aiming to promote the culture of reusing and recycling. This change of mindset, that is progressively taking place in society, is allowing for the consideration of C&D waste no longer as an unusable waste, but as a reusable material. The main objective of the work presented in this paper is to enhance C&D waste management systems through the development of preventive measures during the construction process. These measures concern all the agents intervening in the construction process as only the personal implication of all of them can ensure an efficient management of the C&D waste generated. Finally, a model based on preventive measures achieves organizational cohesion between the different stages of the con- struction process, as well as promoting the conservation of raw materials through the use and waste minimization. All of these in order to achieve a C&D waste management system, whose primary goal is zero waste generation.

Settlement Predictions, Bearing Capacity And Safety Factor Of Subsoil Of Seville's Giralda

The works carried out during the last years in the Giralda of Seville, have provided an understanding of the foundations of the tower constructed next to the mosque, which had been built earlier. In a first stage, eight test boreholes were drilled with a 17°–18.5° inclination. The samples extracted were tested and analyzed, determining the typology, dimension, depth to the bearing layer of the tower and the characteristics of the materials forming the foundations. In the same way, vertical test boreholes were carried out at the tower surrounds, and soil samples were extracted at different distances for analysis and characterization. Five layers of the soil have been determined, from the superficial backfill layers to the blue marl found at a depth of −18 m. The data provided by this study have been used to calculate the settlements produced using a finite element program, specific for this construction type. This program has been designed considering the different loads and time spent for each of the six ...The works carried out during the last years in the Giralda of Seville, have provided an understanding of the foundations of the tower constructed next to the mosque, which had been built earlier. In a first stage, eight test boreholes were drilled with a 17°–18.5° inclination. The samples extracted were tested and analyzed, determining the typology, dimension, depth to the bearing layer of the tower and the characteristics of the materials forming the foundations. In the same way, vertical test boreholes were carried out at the tower surrounds, and soil samples were extracted at different distances for analysis and characterization. Five layers of the soil have been determined, from the superficial backfill layers to the blue marl found at a depth of −18 m. The data provided by this study have been used to calculate the settlements produced using a finite element program, specific for this construction type. This program has been designed considering the different loads and time spent for each of the six construction phases, including the Almohad construction (12th century) and the construction of the bell tower (built in the 16th century). Using the same program, a simulation has determined the circumstances in which the tower settlement would have generated the foundation collapse.

Identification and analysis of sustainability indicators for mobility

Entender el territorio, la ciudad y el medio-ambiente como algo no finito y de consumo inmediato, ha derivado en un crecimiento urbano desmedido y disgregado que crea y refleja una sociedad cada vez mas expandida e individualista. El resultado, un esquema homogeneo que antepone lo disperso e individual, frente a lo inclusivo y lo proximo; lo simple frente a lo complejo, lo privado frente a lo social. Ante este urbanismo, se plantea una alternativa de desarrollo urbano basado en la conservacion, la reutilizacion, la densidad, la diversidad y la complejidad que garantice la sostenibilidad del sistema. Un urbanismo que concibe la ciudad como soporte para la accion y el intercambio social. Basada en estos principios teoricos, se presento una propuesta para el desarrollo y plan urbano de la ciudad de Kalmar, Suecia, dentro del concurso Europan. Sustentada sobre los principios de la accion minima y de la no construccion, resulto elegida Primer Premio e incorporada como guia en el desarrollo del plan urbano.This study is the result of the research project: Identification and analysis of sustainability indicators for transport: the case of the rural area of the Cuenca canton. Its objective is to identify a set of sustainability indicators for rural transport with the aim of becoming a planning tool that allows improving social, economic and environmental conditions, from the measurement of the effects generated by the current rural mobility. The conformation of the set of indicators will start from the contribution of studies related to the subject in international contexts, of which, according to defined eligibility criteria, the appropriate indicators will be selected. This final set will be applied in the most representative rural parishes of the canton Cuenca, constituting this process the starting point to reach a desired sustainable mobility.La relacion de la arquitectura y el lugar no debe limitarse a una descripcion de posicion –donde y cuando– sino que puede implicar tambien la toma de decisiones en torno al modo –como– y la razon –por que– de estos vinculos que, en algunos casos, son por si mismos capaces de dotar de sentido al conjunto del acto proyectual. El articulo reflexiona, a traves del analisis de casos, sobre diferentes formas de abordar esta cuestion desde la perspectiva del proyecto arquitectonico contemporaneo, y sobre la aparicion de nuevos mecanismos de representacion capaces de comunicar y hacer comprensibles dichos conceptos. El articulo apunta a la superacion del tradicional de plano de situacion entendido como mera herramienta tecnica, reclamando su nuevo papel como instrumento ideologico fundamental en el proyecto arquitectonico.

Identificación y análisis de indicadores de sostenibilidad para la movilidad

Entender el territorio, la ciudad y el medio-ambiente como algo no finito y de consumo inmediato, ha derivado en un crecimiento urbano desmedido y disgregado que crea y refleja una sociedad cada vez mas expandida e individualista. El resultado, un esquema homogeneo que antepone lo disperso e individual, frente a lo inclusivo y lo proximo; lo simple frente a lo complejo, lo privado frente a lo social. Ante este urbanismo, se plantea una alternativa de desarrollo urbano basado en la conservacion, la reutilizacion, la densidad, la diversidad y la complejidad que garantice la sostenibilidad del sistema. Un urbanismo que concibe la ciudad como soporte para la accion y el intercambio social. Basada en estos principios teoricos, se presento una propuesta para el desarrollo y plan urbano de la ciudad de Kalmar, Suecia, dentro del concurso Europan. Sustentada sobre los principios de la accion minima y de la no construccion, resulto elegida Primer Premio e incorporada como guia en el desarrollo del plan urbano.This study is the result of the research project: Identification and analysis of sustainability indicators for transport: the case of the rural area of the Cuenca canton. Its objective is to identify a set of sustainability indicators for rural transport with the aim of becoming a planning tool that allows improving social, economic and environmental conditions, from the measurement of the effects generated by the current rural mobility. The conformation of the set of indicators will start from the contribution of studies related to the subject in international contexts, of which, according to defined eligibility criteria, the appropriate indicators will be selected. This final set will be applied in the most representative rural parishes of the canton Cuenca, constituting this process the starting point to reach a desired sustainable mobility.La relacion de la arquitectura y el lugar no debe limitarse a una descripcion de posicion –donde y cuando– sino que puede implicar tambien la toma de decisiones en torno al modo –como– y la razon –por que– de estos vinculos que, en algunos casos, son por si mismos capaces de dotar de sentido al conjunto del acto proyectual. El articulo reflexiona, a traves del analisis de casos, sobre diferentes formas de abordar esta cuestion desde la perspectiva del proyecto arquitectonico contemporaneo, y sobre la aparicion de nuevos mecanismos de representacion capaces de comunicar y hacer comprensibles dichos conceptos. El articulo apunta a la superacion del tradicional de plano de situacion entendido como mera herramienta tecnica, reclamando su nuevo papel como instrumento ideologico fundamental en el proyecto arquitectonico.

Study of the foundations of Cordoba's Mosque Tower

This research in Cordoba ́s mosque tower main objective was to analyze and characterize the foundations and the underlying soil, calculating the stability of the monument as well as the settlement and deformations performed, using traditional calculation methods and also by finite elements, and to determine differences between both, as well as the stability factor of the Minaret Tower. The works done to study the soil, were drill bores and dynamic penetration tests, classification of samples by size, Atterberg limits, physical and chemical analysis, showing the typical geotechnical composition of the Guadalquivir valley: an alluvial material composed by sand, gravels and silt clays. To study the foundations, inclined bore samples were extracted with 10-65o, showing calcarenite stone ashlars and lime concrete alternating with stone and brick masonry. To the samples from foundation, Stone masonry, lime concrete and bricks: Chemical components, dosage. Physical Properties: Density, porosity, absorption. Mechanical properties: compressive strength. From the data obtained by geotechnical campaign and the tests performed, we proceed to calculate settlement of foundations occurred in both phases of its construction: the first one that corresponds to the Muslim minaret built in 946, and the second one, the Christian cladding from 1523 the construction of the Bell Tower, that increased the height and the weight. To analyze the stability, two different methods were used, the traditional one (analytical calculation by Steinbrenner) and a finite element method with Plaxis software.

Costes de construcción y consumos de energía en la rehabilitación energética de un edificio de viviendas situado en Madrid (España)

Se trata de un estudio teorico que analiza la relacion entre las medidas necesarias para la rehabilitacion energetica de un edificio residencial construido en Madrid, su coste y la mejora de la calificacion energetica. El objetivo es desarrollar propuestas y encontrar soluciones para facilitar a promotores y proyectistas la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la eficiencia energetica en intervenciones de rehabilitacion. En el caso de estudio abordado se han analizado 2 medidas constructivas de tipo pasivo (actuando sobre la envolvente), 13 medidas de tipo activo (sistemas energeticos diferentes), y las combinaciones necesarias entre ellas para lograr diversas calificaciones energeticas. Se han analizado asi 26 hipotesis de rehabilitacion energetica, con sus calificaciones energeticas resultantes, valorando costes y rentabilidad, asi como su incidencia en los consumos energeticos y en las emisiones de CO2. El exito de la rehabilitacion energetica de un edificio depende de la seleccion de las soluciones adoptadas, del coste de la inversion para realizar las obras, y del ahorro de energia conseguido. Asimismo es necesario tener en cuenta otros aspectos no cuantificables como un mayor confort, un mejor aislamiento acustico, la habitabilidad, la salud, la posibilidad de eliminacion de situaciones de pobreza energetica o el aumento de valor de la propiedad.