Jyoti Chopra

Anomalous formation of external jugular vein and its clinical implication

Introduction: The superficial veins, especially the external jugular vein (EJV), are increasingly being utilized for cannulation to conduct diagnostic procedures or intravenous therapies. EJV is also used in microsurgical procedures,used as a recipient for the free flaps. Materials and Methods: During routine dissection a variation was observed in the formation of EJV unilaterally on the left side. Result: In the anterior triangle of the neck submandibular vein joined with the anterior jugular vein to form a large venous trunk (V1). Facial vein joined this venous trunk (V1) to form another common channel (V2). The retromandibular vein divided into unusually long anterior and posterior divisions. Anterior division did not join the facial vein but drained into the common channel V2.The posterior division of retromandibular vein also drained into V2 which further continued as EJV and drained into the subclavian vein. Conclusion: The knowledge of variations in the patterns of superficial veins is important for the surgeons to avoid any intraoperative error which might lead to unnecessary bleeding.

Coracoclavicular and Costoclavicular Joints at a Common Juncture: A Rare Phenomenon

SUMMARY: Movements at the human shoulder girdle are the result of complex interplay of glenohumeral, acromioclavicular,sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic articulations. Clavicle apart from articulating with the scapula and sternum is also connected withfirst rib by costoclavicular ligament and with coracoid process by coracoclavicular ligament. At times the area of attachment of theseligaments on clavicle, first rib and scapula show faceted apophysis suggesting the presence of additional diarthrodial articulations.Costoclavicular joint exists between clavicle and first rib and coracoclavicular joint between clavicle and coracoids process. Both thesejoints are described in the literature, but the concurrent occurrence of them in the same bone has not been reported yet. We found twoclavicles, one of right and other of left side, both of them showed faceted apophysis for costoclavicular and coracoclavicular jointsimultaneously, which is rare phenomenon. KEY WORDS: Clavicle; Scapula; First rib; Costoclavicular ligament; Costoclavicular joint; Coracoclavicular ligament;Coracoclavicular joint.

Sonographic Evaluation of Renal Dimensions and their Correlation with Gender, Weight, and Height in Normal Young Adults of Uttar Pradesh Region

Background & Objectives: Renal size is an important parameter used in the diagnosis and follow up of renal diseases. However, while making decisions, clinicians must be aware of the dependence of renal length on the anthropometric indices. There is no established nomogram for renal sizes in the Indian population. Therefore, a study was under taken to help standardized a criteria to be used in clinical assessment of certain disease processes largely rely on renal dimensions. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried on 300 individuals (207 males and 93 females) between the age group of 18 to 30 years in the department of Anatomy King George’s Medical University U.P. Lucknow. Renal length, breadth, thickness and cortical thickness of both sides were measured sonographically and their correlation with sex, weight, and height of individual were determined. Results: The mean length of left kidney vs. right kidney was 102.4+5.4mm vs. 99.9+5.7mm, respectively, p<0.001. the mean length of kidney in males vs. females was 101.1+5.0 vs. 97.3+6.4 for right side, 103.6+4.7 vs. 99.8+5.8 for left, p<0.001. The mean breadth of kidney in males differed between left vs. right (50.3+3.0 vs. 50.7+3.8, p=0.046). The mean thickness of kidney left vs. right was 37.2+3.5 vs. 36.2+4, p<0.001, the difference remained among gender. Whereas, cortical thickness was not differed between left and right side, but had difference among different gender. With increasing body weight and height, significant increase in kidney length of both the sides was observed (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mean value of renal length, breadth, thickness and cortical thickness in our population were lower as compared to their western counterparts. The heights of the individual were found to be most important factors affecting the dimensions of kidney. Anthropometries did not show consistent relations i.e. on both sides of the kidney.