K. Chu

A reliability test system for educational purposes-basic data

The IEEE Subcommittee on the Application of Probability Methods (APM) published the IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) [1] in 1979. This system provides a consistent and generally acceptable set of data that can be used both in generation capacity and in composite system reliability evaluation [2,3]. The test system provides a basis for the comparison of results obtained by different people using different methods. Prior to its publication, there was no general agreement on either the system or the data that should be used to demonstrate or test various techniques developed to conduct reliability studies. Development of reliability assessment techniques and programs are very dependent on the intent behind the development as the experience of one power utility with their system may be quite different from that of another utility. The development and the utilization of a reliability program are, therefore, greatly influenced by the experience of a utlity and the intent of the system manager, planner and designer conducting the reliability studies. The IEEE-RTS has proved to be extremely valuable in highlighting and comparing the capabilities (or incapabilities) of programs used in reliability studies, the differences in the perception of various power utilities and the differences in the solution techniques. The IEEE-RTS contains a reasonably large power network which can be difficult to use for initial studies in an educational environment.

A reliability test system for educational purposes-basic results

A set of basic reliability indices at the generation and composite generation and transmission levels for a small reliability test system are presented. The test system and the results presented have evolved from reliability research and teaching programs. The indices presented are for fundamental reliability applications which should be covered in a power system reliability teaching program. The RBTS test system and the basic indices provide a valuable reference for faculty and students engaged in reliability teaching and research

A generalized probabilistic cost of service allocation approach for generation and transmission facilities

The authors present an integrated approach for cost of service allocation of generation and transmission facilities which utilizes a probabilistic technique similar to that used by many utilities for system planning. The procedure for composite system cost of service allocation is presented. The use of the loss of energy expectation index is extended from generation capacity studies to composite generation and transmission system cost of service allocation. The technique is demonstrated by application to the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS). The results obtained by applying selected methods to the IEEE-RTS are illustrated and compared. >

Transient Stability Evaluation in an Undergraduate Curriculum - A Probabilistic Approach

A power system is a large non-linear system, in which like any other non-linear system, stability can be a definite problem. The performance of such complex systems must be predicted and transient stability evaluation is an established and important aspect of both system planning and operation. Basic transient stability evaluation is also an integral part of the core curriculum in an undergraduate power program. The analysis of transient stability is basically a study of a set of differential equations. Factors which affect the performance of a system are normally considered on a deterministic basis. This paper introduces the concept of incorporating some basic probabilistic elements in initial understanding and appreciation of power system transient stability evaluation.

An integrated approach to electric power system planning and cost of service allocation

Abstract Many methods have been proposed to allocate capacity related costs to the various customer classes in an electric power system. These methods are mainly deterministic. Deterministic techniques do not consider the stochastic nature of system components which actually affect the cost behaviour of the system. An important consideration in the process of cost allocation is to ensure that the method used follows the cost behaviour of the system studied. The cost behaviour is basically dependent on the methods and criteria used in system planning and operation. The criteria and planning methods used drives the development of the system which further drives the cost of future investment in the system. It is therefore highly desirable to use similar methods and criteria and to include the same variables which are considered in the system adequacy evaluation. Most large electric power utilities now use probabilistic techniques in their generation system planning. The most commonly used planning techniques are the Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) and the Loss of Energy Expectation (LOEE) methods. Probabilistic techniques should also be used in the cost of service allocation process as these techniques are capable of incorporating the important factors which actually affect the system cost behaviour.

Probabilistic generating capacity cost of service allocation

Reliability assessment of an overall electric power system can be divided into sub-tasks which utilize the various functional segments of the system. The most suitable functional zones are those associated with generation, transmission and distribution. One or more of these zone can be combined to form hierarchical levels. The generation facilities considered as an entity form hierarchical level I (HLI) and together with the transmission facilities form hierarchical level II (HLII). Hierarchical level III is composed of all the three functional zones. HLI reliability studies relate to the ability of the total generation system to meet the load demand. HLII reliability studies relate to the ability of the composite generation and transmission facilities to

Development and utilization of a generalized three-state model☆

Abstract The basic component representation used in many studies of reliability and availability is the two-state model in which the component is designated as being in the up or down state. In some cases, however, the component can reside in an inbetween state, and a three-state representation is required. This representation is often used to model large generating units in power system adequacy or security evaluation. The inclusion of the third or derated state in this case can have an appreciable influence on the calculated system risk. The basic three-state model can be utilized in a wide range of applications using both limiting and time dependent state probabilities. This paper illustrates the development of a generalized three-state model and presents a basic set of equations which can be utilized in a wide range of applications. The utility of the model is illustrated by three specific applications taken from the power systems area.