K. D. G. Edwards

SIMULTANEOUS TITRIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF BICARBONATE AND TITRATABLE ACID OF URINE

An acid-titration method for the determination of bicarljonate and titratable acid in the one sample of urine is described. The method needs only one manipulation of the sample of urine, and was devised to simplify routine laboratory methodology. The accuracy and precision of the urinary bicarbonate method during routine laboratory use is comparable to that obtained by using the Van Slyke manometric apparatus.

Comprehensive one-day renal function testing in man

A comprehensive one-day renal function test consisting of a single outpatient visit lasting nine hours, with a minimum of time off work or away from home, is described in detail. Although a large number of laboratory tests are performed in one day, patients usually appreciate thoroughness, and the cost is more than offset by the saving in occupancy of hospital beds and by the early and precise diagnosis of reversible aspects of renal disease. Some aspects of improved methodology, such as the sequential determination of minimum urinary pH, bicarbonate, titratable acid, ammonium, and total acid on a single sample using an automatic titrator, are given in detail. Clinical application of the comprehensive nine-hour renal function testing system is illustrated by the result sheet of a patient with analgesic nephropathy, who was shown in one day to have secondary severe renal failure (glomerular filtration rate 20% of normal for age and surface area), renal tubular acidosis of the distal gradient type (minimum urinary pH 6·20), increased urinary white cell excretion rate, hyaline casts, and absence of red cell casts, consistent with a diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy and urinary tract inflammation. Normal values with 95% range for this laboratory are also given. This testing system has been found to be very useful in investigating patients with analgesic nephropathy, renal tubular acidosis, and after renal transplantation.