K. Gawdzińska

An Engine Room Simulator as a Tool for Environmental Education of Marine Engineers

This paper presents a possibility of using a full-mission engine room simulator as a tool for educating marine engineer officers. Basic technical data have been shown for full-mission engine room simulator Kongsberg Neptune MC90-IV which is used to educate marine engineers by the Maritime University of Szczecin. An example of classes in the simulator has been described explaining selected issues of the sea environment and its protection to the students. The exercise is about the operation of the main engine fuel supply system injected by the fuel-water emulsion to decrease the emission of toxic exhaust gases components. According to the authors, the proposed exercise in the simulator may greatly contribute to the development of conscious and responsible machinery exploitation and pro-ecological behaviour during the engine room operation. Exercise assumptions and results obtained during it have been presented together with the conclusions drawn when using the engine room simulator to create pro-ecological behaviour of marine engineers.

On the Possibilities of Applying the AHP Method to a Multi-criteria Component Importance Analysis of Complex Technical Objects

The paper presents selected issues in the area of modelling a complex technical system structure. We presented the main types of a real technical system reservation. We showed selected proposals of a component redundancy description. We presented a black-box model of the system and described our own concept of qualitative-quantitative analysis of the complex technical system component importance. We also showed a possibility of applying the AHP method to a multi-criteria importance analysis. Some research achievements in this area and propositions for further development of a multi-criteria component analysis have been shown.

On the Present State-of-the-Art of a Component Importance Analysis for Complex Technical Systems

The paper presents the present state-of-the-art of a component importance analysis for complex technical systems. We used a sea vessel as an example of the complex technical system. We showed selected statistics of ship operation losses. We highlighted a necessity of further development of importance analysis methods for machinery operation. We presented a description and diagrams of qualitative and quantitative importance analysis. We pointed out the most significant problems of complex technical systems modelling. We introduced a multi-criteria system component importance analysis. Basic criteria for a system component quality evaluation have been presented. We described some factors influencing importance of the technical system components.

Analysis of Impact of Selected Structure Parameters of Reinforcing Preforms for Metal-Matrix Composites on their Saturation Process

The process of saturation of reinforcement preforms for metal-matrix composite castings is dependent on many different factors. One group of these factors is related to the process of manufacturing of metal-matrix composites with saturated reinforcement. Another group is related to the physical properties of materials used for manufacturing of such composites. The structure of reinforcement preforms is one of such factors. Due to its complexity, its mathematical description is difficult to perform. This structure can be examined and described using physical properties like porosity or permeability. During the conducted analysis presented in the paper, it was checked whether there is a relation between studied physical properties of reinforcement preforms and a degree of their saturation. It was also determined, which of the studied parameters is the best for description of an influence of the geometrical structure of reinforcement preforms on the process of their saturation and in consequence, on the porosity of the obtained composite castings.

An Attempt to Apply Darcy′s Flow Law in MMC Recycling Process Analysis

To determine the possibility of carrying out the recycling process of metal-matrix composite castings with saturated reinforcement, only Dupre equation was used until now. Basing on this equation, one can determine superficial conditions in the system: liquid metal (matrix) solid reinforcement medium, favouring the process of autogenous outflow of liquid matrix from the porous reinforcement. It is however very difficult to determine the influence of the structure parameters of reinforcement preforms on examined process. Hence the need to preform analysis of process of liquid metal matrix outflow using Darcys law of flow. Application of this law allows replacing difficult to determine parameters of capillaries occurring in performs with one, quite simple to calculate parameter of permeability. It also makes possible defining the influence of temperature and time of recycling process on yield of matrix metal. To verify stated theses, study of permeability of selected reinforcement preforms and recycling of selected metal-matrix composites with saturated reinforcement was conducted. Furthermore, analysis of liquid metal matrix outflow process from studied preforms was performed, in aspect of application of Darcys law.

Applying the Anticipatory Failure Determination at a Very Early Stage of a System’S Development: Overview and Case Study

Abstract Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD) is a tool used in the TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) methodology. This article introduces its concept and describes the process of AFD in different versions of the method. The article presents the application of the AFD method at a very early state of a system’s development, i.e. its concept formulation stage, which corresponds to a technology readiness level (TRL) equal to 2. The system under analysis is a set of devices used to reduce displacement ship hull resistance. The system was modelled using functional analysis. An analysis of system resources was then carried out. Possible direct, indirect, and accident-related failures were identified. A multi-criteria analysis of the causes of system failures was conducted from which the top 10 potential failures were selected. Observations were made on the applicability of AFD in respect to systems not yet implemented.

Utilising elastic waves of acoustic emission to assess the condition of spray nozzles in a marine diesel engine

ABSTRACT This article presents an original method of using elastic waves of acoustic emission (AE) to assess the technical condition of nozzles in marine diesel engines. The developed method makes it possible to detect the early stages of wear by friction of the needle-nozzle pair. The phenomenon of AE and the possibility of its use in evaluating the condition of marine diesel-engine injectors are discussed. Experiments are presented in which the AEs were used to evaluate the condition of both a new injector and an injector where galling of the needle-nozzle pair is developing. The measurements were processed by time–frequency analysis and wavelet transformation.

Qualitative Importance Measures of Systems Components - a New Approach and its Applications

The paper presents an improved methodology of analysing the qualitative importance of components in the functional and reliability structures of the system. We present basic importance measures, i.e. the Birnbaum’s structural measure, the order of the smallest minimal cut-set, the repetition count of an i-th event in the Fault Tree and the streams measure. A subsystem of circulation pumps and fuel heaters in the main engine fuel supply system of a container vessel illustrates the qualitative importance analysis. We constructed a functional model and a Fault Tree which we analysed using qualitative measures. Additionally, we compared the calculated measures and introduced corrected measures as a tool for improving the analysis. We proposed scaled measures and a common measure taking into account the location of the component in the reliability and functional structures. Finally, we proposed an area where the measures could be applied. QUALITATIVE IMPORTANCE MEASURES OF SYSTEMS COMPONENTS – A NEW APPROACH AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Fuel System Contamination Affecting Injection Equipment of Diesel Engines

This article describes selected contaminants of the fuel system which substantially affect the operation of fuel injection equipment of self-ignition engines. The authors present a simple method of identifying biological contaminants (bacteria and fungi), which can be used with no need for laboratory tests during a vessel’s voyage at sea.

Effect of material and technological conditions on quality of metal matrix composite castings

The paper presents a proof, which has been made by analyzing technological process of tested materials, that a set of quality characteristics of metal composite castings has to be different from the set of quality characteristics of castings produced out of traditional materials. However, some characteristics are similar for both material groups. These characteristics (pertaining to a set of quality characteristics of composite castings) that have been named as specific, have not been determined before. The set of characteristics has been determined on the basis of material and technological conditions as well as on methodology of diagnosing the castings quality. Basing on the Ishikawa diagram, weights of individual quality characteristics have been set along with values for particular material and technological causal groups, i.e. management, human impact, methods of manufacturing and material of composite castings and manufacturing workstation.